The nurse is assessing a male client for symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The nurse should ask the client about which of the following?

Hesitancy in starting urination.

Dribbling with urination.

Nocturia.

Decreased urine stream.

Urinary frequency.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D,E

Choice A rationale

Hesitancy in starting urination occurs due to obstruction of the urethra by an enlarged prostate. It reflects the mechanical impact of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on urinary flow and is a classic symptom of this condition.

Choice B rationale

Dribbling with urination indicates incomplete bladder emptying due to urethral compression by the enlarged prostate. It is a characteristic symptom of BPH and can lead to complications like urinary retention.

Choice C rationale

Nocturia, or frequent urination at night, is caused by incomplete bladder emptying and increased nighttime urine production. It is a common symptom of BPH that significantly affects quality of life.

Choice D rationale

A decreased urine stream results from partial urethral obstruction by the enlarged prostate, limiting the flow of urine. This symptom is a hallmark of BPH and reflects progressive narrowing of the urinary tract.

Choice E rationale

Urinary frequency is due to incomplete bladder emptying and irritative symptoms associated with BPH. Frequent voiding is common and often prompts medical evaluation for prostate enlargement.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Lower extremity edema is often associated with right-sided heart failure rather than left ventricular failure. Right-sided failure leads to systemic venous congestion, causing fluid accumulation in peripheral tissues like the legs. Left ventricular failure predominantly affects pulmonary circulation, making edema of the lower extremities a less expected finding.

Choice B rationale

Pulmonary crackles are a hallmark finding in left ventricular failure due to fluid accumulation in the alveoli. This occurs because reduced cardiac output causes blood to back up into pulmonary veins and capillaries, increasing hydrostatic pressure and leading to pulmonary congestion. Crackles indicate the presence of interstitial or alveolar fluid, a direct result of left-sided dysfunction.

Choice C rationale

Ascites results from portal hypertension and systemic venous congestion, typically seen in right-sided heart failure or advanced liver disease. Left ventricular failure impacts the pulmonary system rather than the abdominal cavity, making ascites an unlikely finding during assessment for this condition.

Choice D rationale

Jugular vein distention is indicative of systemic venous congestion caused by right-sided heart failure. In left ventricular failure, pulmonary congestion dominates, and jugular vein distention is not a primary finding. Assessments should focus on symptoms directly linked to pulmonary effects such as crackles or dyspnea.

A. Edema of the lower extremities. B. Pulmonary crackles auscultated. C. Ascites. D. Jugular vein distention.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Edema of the lower extremities suggests right-sided heart failure, not left ventricular failure. Fluid backs up into systemic circulation in right-sided failure, while left-sided failure primarily affects pulmonary circulation. Differentiating between these conditions is essential for targeted management.

Choice B rationale

Pulmonary crackles result from fluid accumulation in alveoli due to left ventricular failure, where decreased cardiac output causes blood to back up into pulmonary vasculature. Crackles indicate pulmonary congestion or edema. Prompt identification aids in early intervention. Normal respiratory assessment excludes crackles.

Choice C rationale

Ascites is more indicative of chronic right-sided heart failure or liver disease, not acute left ventricular failure. Ascites results from systemic venous congestion, which is less common in isolated left-sided heart failure. Differentiating causes helps refine diagnostic focus.

Choice D rationale

Jugular vein distention is associated with elevated central venous pressure, typical of right-sided heart failure or combined heart failure. It does not specifically characterize left ventricular failure. Accurate recognition of findings ensures precise diagnosis and management.

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The nurse is assessing a male client for symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The nurse should ask the client about which of the following?

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