The nurse is assessing a client suspected of having renal calculi who reports severe, wavelike pain that radiates down the thigh and to the genital area and a sensation of needing to void, but only small amounts are voided.
The nurse should explain which of the following information to the client?

"Stones that are lodged in the ureter cause symptoms like you are describing.”.

"You will most likely pass the stones in the next few hours.”.

"Your symptoms are consistent with stones that are lodged in the bladder.”.

"The stones will need to be removed through a procedure.”. .

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Ureteral stones cause severe, colicky pain that radiates to the groin or genital area. The ureter’s narrow anatomy can trap stones, causing obstruction. This obstruction triggers increased intrarenal pressure and ureteral spasms, producing waves of intense pain. Hematuria and urinary urgency with minimal voiding are common due to mucosal irritation or obstruction.

Choice B rationale

While small stones may pass spontaneously, predicting exact timelines is speculative. Passage depends on factors like stone size, location, and hydration. For stones larger than 5 mm, spontaneous passage rates decrease, often requiring intervention. Therefore, giving definite timeframes may misinform patients and delay appropriate care.

Choice C rationale

Bladder stones typically cause suprapubic pain, urinary frequency, and hematuria rather than radiating pain to the thigh or genital area. Bladder irritation may lead to dysuria or cloudy urine, but the described symptoms are more consistent with ureteral obstruction rather than bladder involvement.

Choice D rationale

Some stones do require procedural removal, especially those causing recurrent infections or obstruction. However, initial management includes conservative measures like hydration and pain control, reserving procedures for unresolvable cases. Early procedural focus may unnecessarily alarm the client or overlook noninvasive options.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Serum electrolyte analysis provides insights into fluid and electrolyte balance but does not specifically diagnose heart failure. Electrolyte changes may occur secondary to heart failure but are not definitive markers for the condition.

Choice B rationale

Complete blood count evaluates for anemia or infection, which may contribute to symptomatology but is not diagnostic for heart failure. Heart failure diagnosis focuses on cardiac-specific markers rather than hematologic parameters.

Choice C rationale

Blood urea nitrogen assesses renal function and reflects perfusion status but lacks specificity for heart failure. Although renal dysfunction may occur in advanced heart failure, BNP measurement is more definitive for cardiac assessment.

Choice D rationale

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a key diagnostic marker for heart failure. Elevated BNP levels occur due to ventricular stretch and strain associated with fluid overload, a hallmark of heart failure. Normal BNP levels are typically <100 pg/mL, with elevated levels strongly suggesting cardiac dysfunction. .

A. Venison stew and ice cream. B. Poached salmon and green beans. C. Spinach salad and rhubarb pie. D. Sautéed mushrooms and fried rice.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Venison stew and ice cream are high in animal protein and calcium. Excess dietary calcium and animal protein can increase the urinary excretion of oxalate, contributing to kidney stone formation. Hyperoxaluria leads to the precipitation of calcium oxalate crystals in the renal tubules, exacerbating stone development.

Choice B rationale

Poached salmon and green beans are suitable because salmon is low in oxalate content, and green beans are unlikely to contribute significantly to oxalate excretion. Low-oxalate foods help reduce the recurrence risk of kidney stone formation and support overall renal health.

Choice C rationale

Spinach salad and rhubarb pie are rich in oxalate. Spinach contains 970 mg per 100 g, and rhubarb contributes significantly to dietary oxalate, promoting hyperoxaluria and increasing kidney stone risks. These foods should be avoided by individuals prone to oxalate stones.

Choice D rationale

Sautéed mushrooms and fried rice are acceptable choices, as mushrooms have negligible oxalate content and fried rice does not contribute significantly to oxalate excretion. Both options support balanced nutrition while minimizing renal stone risks.

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The nurse is assessing a client suspected of having renal calculi who reports severe, wavelike pain that radiates down the thigh and to the genital area and a sensation of needing to void, but only small amounts are voided.The nurse should explain which of the following information to the client?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is monitoring the results of laboratory tests for a client suspected of having heart failure.Which of the following tests would provide key diagnostic information for the nurse?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse has taught nutrition management for a client diagnosed with oxalate kidney stones.Which of the following food choices by the client would indicate that the client requires more teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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The nurse is assessing a client suspected of having renal calculi who reports severe, wavelike pain that radiates down the thigh and to the genital area and a sensation of needing to void, but only small amounts are voided.The nurse should explain which of the following information to the client?

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The nurse is assessing a client suspected of having renal calculi who reports severe, wavelike pain that radiates down the thigh and to the genital area and a sensation of needing to void, but only small amounts are voided.
The nurse should explain which of the following information to the client?