The nurse explains to a client that an oral antihypoglycemic agents are not effective in Type I diabetes because people with Type I diabetes:

would need so much of an oral antihypoglycemic agent that it would cost too much.

are allergic to oral antihypoglycemic agents.

would have more episodes of hypoglycemia with oral antihypoglycemic agents.

have little or none of their own insulin that can be released.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   The effectiveness of oral antihypoglycemic agents does not depend on dosage amounts that would make them cost-prohibitive. Instead, these medications work by stimulating insulin production or enhancing insulin sensitivity, which is not relevant for Type 1 diabetes.
B.   While some individuals may have allergies to certain medications, this is not the reason oral antihypoglycemic agents are ineffective for those with Type 1 diabetes. The ineffectiveness is not related to allergy but rather to the underlying pathology of the disease.
C.   While it is true that the risk of hypoglycemia exists with all glucose-lowering therapies, this is not the primary reason why oral antihypoglycemics are ineffective in Type 1 diabetes. The use of these agents may increase hypoglycemia risk in a broader context, but the fundamental issue is related to insulin deficiency.
D.   In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little to no insulin due to autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Oral antihypoglycemic agents typically rely on the presence of some endogenous insulin to be effective.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Heparin does not actually "thin" the blood in the sense of reducing viscosity. Instead, it works by inhibiting certain factors in the coagulation cascade, preventing clot formation. Thus, this response does not accurately describe how heparin functions.

B. Heparin works by activating antithrombin III, which inhibits thrombin and factor Xa, thereby preventing the formation of new clots. It does not dissolve existing clots but helps to prevent the enlargement of existing ones and the formation of new clots.
C. Heparin does not decrease the number of platelets; rather, it interferes with the clotting process by inhibiting specific clotting factors. Platelets may still be present, but their ability to form clots is inhibited by the action of heparin.
D. Heparin does not dissolve existing clots; that function is typically performed by thrombolytic agents. Heparin primarily prevents new clot formation and the extension of existing clots. Additionally, it does not decrease platelet formation.

A. Notify the physician B. Cover the limb with a blanket C. Reposition the limb and reassess D. Elevate the extremity on a pillow

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The loss of a pulse and the cool, dusky appearance of the foot indicate potential complications such as thrombus formation or arterial occlusion, which require prompt medical evaluation and intervention. Notifying the physician ensures that appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures can be taken quickly.
B. While keeping the client warm is important, simply covering the limb does not address the underlying issue of compromised circulation. This action could potentially delay necessary interventions that address the lack of blood flow.
C. Although repositioning the limb might help with circulation, it is not sufficient given the critical nature of the symptoms. It is essential to first inform the physician to get guidance on further evaluation or interventions. Repositioning could also delay timely intervention needed to prevent tissue damage.
D. Elevating the limb might worsen blood flow in a case of compromised circulation. In cases of suspected arterial occlusion, keeping the limb at heart level or below may be more appropriate to promote blood flow. Elevating it could delay necessary treatment.

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The nurse explains to a client that an oral antihypoglycemic agents are not effective in Type I diabetes because people with Type I diabetes:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The client diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis asks the nurse, "How does heparin work to help with my blood clot?" Which response is most accurate? "Heparin:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client has returned to the unit following a peripheral angiogram with a stent insertion. Four hours post procedure, the nurse can no longer palpate the dorsalis pedis pulse and the foot is cool and dusky. What should be the nurse's immediate action?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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