The nurse explains to a client that an oral antihypoglycemic agents are not effective in Type I diabetes because people with Type I diabetes:

would need so much of an oral antihypoglycemic agent that it would cost too much.

are allergic to oral antihypoglycemic agents.

would have more episodes of hypoglycemia with oral antihypoglycemic agents.

have little or none of their own insulin that can be released.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   The effectiveness of oral antihypoglycemic agents does not depend on dosage amounts that would make them cost-prohibitive. Instead, these medications work by stimulating insulin production or enhancing insulin sensitivity, which is not relevant for Type 1 diabetes.
B.   While some individuals may have allergies to certain medications, this is not the reason oral antihypoglycemic agents are ineffective for those with Type 1 diabetes. The ineffectiveness is not related to allergy but rather to the underlying pathology of the disease.
C.   While it is true that the risk of hypoglycemia exists with all glucose-lowering therapies, this is not the primary reason why oral antihypoglycemics are ineffective in Type 1 diabetes. The use of these agents may increase hypoglycemia risk in a broader context, but the fundamental issue is related to insulin deficiency.
D.   In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas produces little to no insulin due to autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Oral antihypoglycemic agents typically rely on the presence of some endogenous insulin to be effective.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While D5 0.45% NS contains dextrose, it is not suitable as an initial treatment in HHS because patients are often hyperglycemic. Starting with dextrose can worsen hyperglycemia.
B. Although providing oxygen may be appropriate if the client shows signs of respiratory distress or hypoxia, it is not the first-line treatment for HHS. The immediate priority is addressing dehydration and hyperglycemia.
C. The initial therapy for HHS involves administering IV fluids, typically starting with 0.9% saline (normal saline). This helps to rapidly rehydrate the client and dilute the high glucose levels in the blood. Correcting dehydration is critical in HHS management.
D. Glucagon is typically used to treat hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia. In HHS, the patient is hyperglycemic, so administering glucagon would not be appropriate.

A. makes the blood less thick and easier to flow." B. does not thin the blood: it prevents new clots from forming." C. decreases the number of platelets so the blood clots more slowly." D. dissolves the clot and decreases the formation of platelets."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Heparin does not actually "thin" the blood in the sense of reducing viscosity. Instead, it works by inhibiting certain factors in the coagulation cascade, preventing clot formation. Thus, this response does not accurately describe how heparin functions.

B. Heparin works by activating antithrombin III, which inhibits thrombin and factor Xa, thereby preventing the formation of new clots. It does not dissolve existing clots but helps to prevent the enlargement of existing ones and the formation of new clots.
C. Heparin does not decrease the number of platelets; rather, it interferes with the clotting process by inhibiting specific clotting factors. Platelets may still be present, but their ability to form clots is inhibited by the action of heparin.
D. Heparin does not dissolve existing clots; that function is typically performed by thrombolytic agents. Heparin primarily prevents new clot formation and the extension of existing clots. Additionally, it does not decrease platelet formation.

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The nurse explains to a client that an oral antihypoglycemic agents are not effective in Type I diabetes because people with Type I diabetes:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with Type 2 diabetes is brought into the emergency room in an unresponsive state. A diagnosis of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) is made. The nurse prepares for the administration of which initial therapy?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The client diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis asks the nurse, "How does heparin work to help with my blood clot?" Which response is most accurate? "Heparin:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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