The nurse expects to observe which finding during the assessment of a client diagnosed with myxedema?

Facial muscle atrophy

Facial and periorbital edema

Facial muscle twitching

Unilateral ptosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Facial muscle atrophy is not the expected finding because it is a condition where the facial muscles lose their mass and strength, which can be caused by various factors, such as aging, nerve damage, or muscular dystrophy. Facial muscle atrophy is not a common manifestation of myxedema, which is a severe form of hypothyroidism, which is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, which regulate the metabolism and growth of the body.

Choice B reason: Facial and periorbital edema is the expected finding because it is a characteristic manifestation of myxedema, which is caused by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides, which are complex carbohydrates that are normally found in the connective tissues. Mucopolysaccharides can attract water and cause swelling of the tissues, especially in the face and around the eyes. Facial and periorbital edema can also cause the facial features to appear coarse and puffy, and the eyelids to droop.

Choice C reason: Facial muscle twitching is not the expected finding because it is a condition where the facial muscles contract involuntarily, which can be caused by various factors, such as stress, fatigue, or caffeine. Facial muscle twitching is not a common manifestation of myxedema, which can cause the facial muscles to become weak and slow, and the facial expressions to become dull and flat.

Choice D reason: Unilateral ptosis is not the expected finding because it is a condition where one eyelid droops lower than the other, which can be caused by various factors, such as nerve damage, stroke, or tumor. Unilateral ptosis is not a common manifestation of myxedema, which can cause bilateral ptosis, which is the drooping of both eyelids, due to the edema and weakness of the eyelid muscles.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Muscle weakness and motor seizures are not the most serious complication because they are signs of electrolyte imbalance, not urinary tract infection. Electrolyte imbalance is a condition where the levels of minerals and salts in the blood are too high or too low, which can affect the nerve and muscle function, causing symptoms such as weakness, spasms, or seizures. Electrolyte imbalance can be caused by various factors, such as dehydration, kidney failure, or medications.

Choice B reason: Upper abdominal pain and cramping are not the most serious complication because they are signs of gastritis, not urinary tract infection. Gastritis is a condition where the lining of the stomach is inflamed, causing symptoms such as pain, nausea, or vomiting. Gastritis can be caused by various factors, such as infections, stress, or medications.

Choice C reason: Confusion and agitation are the most serious complication because they are signs of sepsis, which is a life-threatening condition where the body's response to an infection causes widespread inflammation and organ damage. Sepsis can be caused by various types of infections, including urinary tract infection, which is an infection that affects the bladder, urethra, or kidneys. Sepsis can cause symptoms such as confusion, agitation, fever, chills, or shock.

Choice D reason: Periorbital edema and cardiac dysrhythmias are not the most serious complication because they are signs of heart failure, not urinary tract infection. Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, causing symptoms such as swelling, shortness of breath, or irregular heartbeat. Heart failure can be caused by various factors, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, or diabetes.

A. Increased serum hydrostatic pressure B. Increased kidney filtration pressure C. Decreased capillary osmotic pressure D. Intracellular dehydration

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Increased serum hydrostatic pressure is not the best explanation for the edema because it is caused by fluid overload, not malnutrition. Fluid overload can result from heart failure, kidney failure, or excessive fluid intake.

Choice B reason: Increased kidney filtration pressure is not the best explanation for the edema because it is caused by increased blood flow to the kidneys, not malnutrition. Increased blood flow to the kidneys can result from hypertension, diabetes, or renal artery stenosis.

Choice C reason: Decreased capillary osmotic pressure is the best explanation for the edema because it is caused by low plasma protein levels, which are common in malnutrition. Low plasma protein levels reduce the force that pulls fluid back into the capillaries from the interstitial space, leading to fluid accumulation in the tissues.

Choice D reason: Intracellular dehydration is not the best explanation for the edema because it is caused by loss of water from the cells, not malnutrition. Loss of water from the cells can result from hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, or osmotic diuresis.

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The nurse expects to observe which finding during the assessment of a client diagnosed with myxedema?

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