The nurse assesses a patient who potentially may have meningitis. The patient demonstrates a positive Brudzinski's sign with which changes in position.

Choice A reason: This is not a correct explanation for the large number of leukemic white cells. Leukemic white cells are abnormal white blood cells that do not function properly. They do not attempt to take over the function of the abnormal white blood cells, but rather crowd out the normal ones.

Choice B reason: This is also not a correct explanation for the large number of leukemic white cells. Leukemic white cells do not help to protect against infection, but rather increase the risk of infection. They impair the immune system's ability to fight off bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.

Choice C reason: This is a partially correct explanation for the large number of leukemic white cells. Leukemic white cells are larger in size than normal white blood cells, and they can clog the bone marrow. This can interfere with the production of other blood cells, such as red blood cells and platelets. However, this is not the only reason for the large number of leukemic white cells.

Choice D reason: This is the best explanation for the large number of leukemic white cells. Leukemic white cells are not as effective as normal white cells to protect against infection, because they are immature and dysfunctional. They do not respond to signals from the immune system, and they do not recognize or destroy foreign invaders. They also prevent the normal white cells from doing their job.

Choice A reason: This is correct. Monitoring of neurologic status is a priority intervention for a patient with bacterial meningitis, as the infection can cause inflammation and damage to the brain and spinal cord. The nurse should assess the patient's level of consciousness, pupillary response, cranial nerve function, and signs of increased intracranial pressure.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Infusion of large volumes of isotonic intravenous fluids is not indicated for a patient with bacterial meningitis, as it can worsen the cerebral edema and increase the intracranial pressure. The patient should receive adequate hydration, but not excessive fluids.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Standard precautions are not sufficient for a patient with bacterial meningitis, as the infection can be transmitted through respiratory droplets. The patient should be placed on droplet precautions, which include wearing a mask, gloves, and gown, and limiting the contact with other patients and visitors.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Distraction activities to reduce long periods of sleep are not appropriate for a patient with bacterial meningitis, as the patient may need rest and sedation to reduce the agitation and pain. The nurse should provide a quiet and dark environment, and avoid unnecessary stimuli that can increase the intracranial pressure.