The assessment phase of the nursing process refers to the phase when data collection occurs. Which methods does the nurse use to collect data? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A rationale: providing false reassurances invalidates the client’s feelings and concerns thus making them feel that the nurse is not trustworthy or empathetic. This may hinder the development of a therapeutic relationship.
Choice B rationale: the use of open-ended questions is appropriate since it allows the client to freely express their thoughts and feelings without being limited by the yes or no answers.
Choice C rationale: active listening involves paying attention to the client’s verbal and non-verbal cues and clarifying any possible misunderstandings.
Choice D rationale: silence is crucial since it enables the client to reflect on their thoughts and to process their emotions. Furthermore, it is a form of respect for the client’s feelings.

Choice A rationale: Axis 3 is used in the documentation of conditions, for instance, asthma, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus among others which are known to have effects on an individual’s mental health.
Choice B rationale: Axis 2 is used in the documentation of conditions affecting a client’s functioning such as personality disorders and mental retardation.
Choice C rationale: Axis 4 is used in the documentation of environmental and psychosocial issues contributing to a patient’s stress such as financial and family stressors.
Choice D rationale: Axis 1 is used to document clinical disorders that are the primary focus of management such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder among others.