Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), such as Duloxetine, are used for generalized anxiety disorder. Which of the following increases the risk for the client developing serotonin syndrome?

Missing a dose of medication that increases serotonin levels

Taking monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) medication

Taking serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) as directed

Combining medications that increase serotonin levels

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason:

Missing a dose of medication that increases serotonin levels does not typically increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. In fact, missing a dose may lead to lower levels of serotonin in the body, which is contrary to the condition of serotonin syndrome that arises from an excess of serotonin.

Choice B reason:

Taking MAOI medication alone does not inherently increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. However, combining MAOIs with other medications that affect serotonin levels can significantly increase the risk. It is crucial to avoid taking MAOIs and other serotonergic drugs concurrently without medical supervision.

Choice C reason:

Taking SNRIs as directed by a healthcare provider generally does not increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. These medications are designed to be taken regularly to manage conditions like anxiety and depression. However, any changes in dosage or frequency should be done under medical guidance to avoid any adverse effects.

Choice D reason:

Combining medications that increase serotonin levels is the primary risk factor for developing serotonin syndrome. This can occur when a patient takes multiple serotonergic drugs, such as combining an SNRI with an SSRI, certain pain medications, or even some over-the-counter drugs and supplements that increase serotonin levels. This combination can lead to an excessive accumulation of serotonin in the body, triggering the symptoms of serotonin syndrome.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Eating foods high in tyramine is not a risk factor for lithium toxicity. Tyramine is associated with dietary restrictions in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors, not lithium.

Choice B reason:
Engaging in activities that cause excessive sweating, such as running 4 miles outdoors every afternoon, can lead to dehydration. Dehydration is a significant risk factor for lithium toxicity because it can increase lithium levels in the blood, potentially leading to toxicity.

Choice C reason:
Drinking 2 liters of liquids daily is generally recommended for hydration and is not a risk factor for lithium toxicity. Adequate hydration can help prevent lithium toxicity by ensuring that lithium is properly excreted through the kidneys.

Choice D reason:
Eating 2 to 3 grams of sodium-containing foods daily is within normal dietary intake ranges and is not a risk factor for lithium toxicity. Maintaining a consistent sodium intake is important when taking lithium, as low sodium levels can lead to increased lithium retention and potential toxicity.

A. Cirrhosis B. Heightened awareness C. Gastritis D. Brain damage E. Esophageal varices

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Cirrhosis is a severe scarring of the liver and poor liver function seen at the terminal stages of chronic liver disease. It is one of the primary long-term effects of alcohol use disorder, as the liver is the main organ responsible for metabolizing alcohol. Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to inflammation, liver cell death, and eventually cirrhosis, which significantly impairs the liver's ability to function properly.

Choice B reason:
Heightened awareness is not typically a long-term physiological effect of alcohol use disorder. In fact, chronic alcohol use is more likely to dull cognitive functions and reduce awareness due to its depressive effects on the central nervous system.

Choice C reason:
Gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining, is another potential long-term effect of alcohol use disorder. Alcohol can irritate and erode the gastric mucosa, leading to gastritis, which may present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Choice D reason:
Brain damage is a serious long-term effect of alcohol use disorder. Alcohol can cause changes in the brain, leading to problems with cognition, memory, and motor skills. Chronic exposure to alcohol can result in brain shrinkage and the development of conditions like Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Choice E reason:
Esophageal varices are enlarged veins in the esophagus that can occur as a result of portal hypertension, often due to cirrhosis of the liver caused by alcohol use disorder. They are a significant risk because they can rupture and lead to life-threatening bleeding.

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Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), such as Duloxetine, are used for generalized anxiety disorder. Which of the following increases the risk for the client developing serotonin syndrome?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client diagnosed with bipolar disorder who will be discharged with a prescription for lithium. The nurse should teach the client that which of the following is a risk factor for lithium toxicity?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is admitting a patient to the medical unit who has a history of alcohol use disorder. The nurse should be aware of which of the following potential long-term physiological effects on the patient's body? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

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Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), such as Duloxetine, are used for generalized anxiety disorder. Which of the following increases the risk for the client developing serotonin syndrome?

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