Read Passage 5 and answer the questions following the passage.

1 Pharmacology is the study of drugs and how they affect living things. 2 It is the science of substances that have medicinal properties. 3 These substances are called pharmaceuticals or medications.

4 Nursing pharmacology studies the type of drugs called medications. 5 It explores the composition and characteristics of medications. 6 It describes how they act and interact with humans and their physiologic processes.

7 It focuses on therapeutic medications-substances or agents that treat diseases or medical conditions. 8 It also studies how they can be toxic to life processes.

9 Nursing pharmacology combines the sciences of nursing, chemistry, biology, medicine, and physiology. 10 It joins these with statistics, mathematics, business, education and other fields.

11 Nursing pharmacology includes several subtypes: Clinical pharmacology studies the medical effects of medications Neuropharmacology studies the effects of mediations on the nervous system; Psychopharmacology studies the effects of medications on behavior

12 Nurses know about pharmacology regulation, which requires that all medications must be safe. 13 They know that extensive studies must prove that medications do not harm people. 14 They understand that regulations also require that medications must be effective-thorough testing must prove that they treat the diseases they target. 15 They know that medications are tested for effectiveness before they treat disease.

16 Nursing pharmacology is an ever-changing and growing science. 17 Nurses continually study it, to learn about new medications and new types of medications. 18 They know about commonly used medications and how they meet specific treatment needs.

What information follows sentence 10 about the sciences and fields in nursing Pharmacology?

Read Passage 7 and answer the questions that follow the passage.

1Chemistry is the science that studies matter and change. 2It works with substances and their properties. 3It examines elements, atoms, molecules, compounds, and their parts. 4It studies solids, liquids, gases, compounds, and elements.

5It investigates steady states, changing states, and ways things interact. 6It uses experiments to discover what happens when substances combine or change.

7Chemistry examines matter and energy. 8It describes their properties, and it works with them in a variety of ways. 9It uses tests to determine what happens as matter and energy change. 101t also investigates how temperature, pressure, and other conditions affect matter.

11The science of chemistry includes many types. 12Several of these types are organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry, and physical chemistry, biochemistry, and analytical chemistry.

13Organic chemistry studies matter that contains carbon, a main component of all living things. 14Inorganic chemistry explores matter that has no carbon, including minerals and other non-living materials. 15It studies metals in living systems, atoms and radioactive substances, and the chemical nature of the Earth and the other planets

16Physical chemistry develops theories to describe ways substances behave. 17Biochemistry studies living species and what they are made of. 18Analytical chemistry separates matter into its basic parts and it identifies these parts.

19All types of chemistry work together to describe the material and energy that makes up our world. 20 They use experiments and theories to explain matter and how it changes

What information is presented after chemistry is defined?

Read passage 3 and answer the questions following the passage.
1 Erythrocytes are red blood cells. 2 They make up the majority of the cells found in human blood. 3 The volume in a cubic milliliter of blood contains more than four million of them and only thousands of the
other blood cells.

4 The function of red blood cells is essential to life. 5 Erythrocytes travel continuously through the body's veins and capillaries. 6 As they circulate, they carry oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the other living cells. 7 They move oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from them.

8 The constant exchange of gases is vital since it keeps the body tissues alive and functioning,
An essential pigment in erythrocytes enables oxygen to combine with them. 10 This pigment,
hemoglobin, also produces the red color of blood. 11 The amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells influence the amount of oxygen they carry. 12 Abnormal levels of hemoglobin affect 'oxygen delivery to the tissues, which hinders the body's functions.

13 The type of hemoglobin in red blood cells also affect their function. 14 For example, sickle cell disease produces high levels of an abnormal hemoglobin. 15 This genetic malady prevents erythrocytes from freely moving through veins and capillaries and carrying oxygen effectively,
16 As cells, erythrocytes are unique. 17 They both generate and develop in the bone marrow along with other cell, but they have no nucleus. 18 Other blood cells include this dense internal component that contains genetic material. 19 Erythrocytes lose their nucleus as they mature, before the marrow releases them to circulate through the bloodstream.

Which sentence includes an unnecessary word?

Read Passage 4 and answer the questions following the passage.

1 Pediatric nurses provide medical care for children.2 Their patients are newborns, infants, young children, adolescents, and teenagers.3 Sometimes these nurses also care for young people as old as 21 Years. 4 They help children recover from illness and injury, and they promote childhood health.

5This nursing specialty delivers family-centered care. 6 Its nurses interact with and support families as active medical partners, and they include parents, siblings, and others in the care team.

7 Sometimes these specialized nurses assist pediatric surgeons during surgery. 8 The surgeons complete special training to prepare them to treat children from the newborn stage through late adolescence. 9Pediatric surgeons use equipment and facilities specifically designed for the surgical needs of children.

10 Pediatric nursing care differs from adult nursing care. 11 Children differ physically from adults-their young bodies are not small versions of adult bodies. 12 Children continually grow and change, and pediatric nurses deal with this changes and other childhood medical needs.

13 They are specially trained nurses. 14 They work with other healthcare professionals to assess, monitor, and restore children's health. 15 They assist in diagnosing childhood diseases and teaching children how to be healthy. 16 They also support families while children undergo medical treatments and procedures.

17 These nurses work in hospitals, clinics, doctor's offices, private homes, and other care settings, where they perform a wide range of duties. 18 They deliver treatments and assess patient conditions. 19 They administer medications by injection and by mouth, and rectally and intravenously.

20 They also teach medical care to patients and their parents. 21 They provide wound care, assist in procedures, and administer blood. 22 They work with syringes, stethoscopes, sphygnomometers, and a host of other advanced medical devices.

23 Pediatric nurses help people feel better. 24 These caregivers reassure parents and comfort families. 25 As scientific professionals, they use their eyes, hands, ears, and their special training. 26 They also use their critical thinking skills to promote children's health

Which sentence is unnecessary?

Read Passage 6 and answer the questions that follow the passage.

1Nurses who make their own health a priority are more successful at taking care of others. 2Consistently addressing their own physical, mental, and social well-being helps them to support their patients' health.

3Healthy workers thrive in their work environments. 4Nurses are not an exception to this truth. 5Healthy nurses bring stamina, enthusiasm, and coping skills to their workplaces.

6Healthy nurses also motivate the people around them. 7They invest in themselves and their own needs enabling them to meet others’ needs.

8Nurses can be role models for healthy living. 9They benefit from seeing themselves as living examples of wellness. 10Adopting and living this approach motivates nurses to take good care of themselves.

11It inspires them to maintain a healthy weight, eat healthy food, and live an active lifestyle. 12It motivates them to exercise regularly, and it encourages them to avoid smoking. 13It shields them from the temptations of harmful drugs and excessive drinking.

14 Nurses who see themselves as role models of health also take care of their emotional, social, and spiritual needs. 15 They stay emotionally well by constructively dealing with issues as they arise. 16 They invest time in friends and social activities, and they regularly participate in communities of faith to support their spiritual lives.

17 Healthy nurses are happy, vital people who follow the advice they give their patients about how to live healthy lives.

Which of the following sentences contains an incorrect word?

Read passage 3 and answer the questions following the passage.
1 Erythrocytes are red blood cells. 2 They make up the majority of the cells found in human blood. 3 The volume in a cubic milliliter of blood contains more than four million of them and only thousands of the
other blood cells.

4 The function of red blood cells is essential to life. 5 Erythrocytes travel continuously through the body's veins and capillaries. 6 As they circulate, they carry oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the other living cells. 7 They move oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from them.

8 The constant exchange of gases is vital since it keeps the body tissues alive and functioning,
An essential pigment in erythrocytes enables oxygen to combine with them. 10 This pigment,
hemoglobin, also produces the red color of blood. 11 The amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells influence the amount of oxygen they carry. 12 Abnormal levels of hemoglobin affect 'oxygen delivery to the tissues, which hinders the body's functions.

13 The type of hemoglobin in red blood cells also affect their function. 14 For example, sickle cell disease produces high levels of an abnormal hemoglobin. 15 This genetic malady prevents erythrocytes from freely moving through veins and capillaries and carrying oxygen effectively,
16 As cells, erythrocytes are unique. 17 They both generate and develop in the bone marrow along with other cell, but they have no nucleus. 18 Other blood cells include this dense internal component that contains genetic material. 19 Erythrocytes lose their nucleus as they mature, before the marrow releases them to circulate through the bloodstream.

Which sentence has an incorrect subject-verb agreement?

Read Passage 6 and answer the questions that follow the passage.

1Nurses who make their own health a priority are more successful at taking care of others. 2Consistently addressing their own physical, mental, and social well-being helps them to support their patients' health.

3Healthy workers thrive in their work environments. 4Nurses are not an exception to this truth. 5Healthy nurses bring stamina, enthusiasm, and coping skills to their workplaces.

6Healthy nurses also motivate the people around them. 7They invest in themselves and their own needs enabling them to meet others’ needs.

8Nurses can be role models for healthy living. 9They benefit from seeing themselves as living examples of wellness. 10Adopting and living this approach motivates nurses to take good care of themselves.

11It inspires them to maintain a healthy weight, eat healthy food, and live an active lifestyle. 12It motivates them to exercise regularly, and it encourages them to avoid smoking. 13It shields them from the temptations of harmful drugs and excessive drinking.

14 Nurses who see themselves as role models of health also take care of their emotional, social, and spiritual needs. 15 They stay emotionally well by constructively dealing with issues as they arise. 16 They invest time in friends and social activities, and they regularly participate in communities of faith to support their spiritual lives.

17 Healthy nurses are happy, vital people who follow the advice they give their patients about how to live healthy lives.

Which choice describes how to correct a punctuation error in the Passage?

Read passage 2 and answers the questions following the passage.

1 Falls frequently cause accidents, serious injuries, and accidental death in the elderly. 2 Falling puts older people at a great personal risk that cannot be ignored. 3 Understanding the risks of falls and taking precautions against them can protect senior citizens from this problem.

4 Everyone is at risk for falling, regardless of age group, strength, or health status. 5 However, young children and elderly adults seem to fall most frequently, and the elderly are at the greatest rick of, falling.

6 Children's bodies are typically more resilient and resistant to injury from falls. 7 Always haphazardly on the move, toddlers typically bounce back after they topple.

8 They quickly pull themselves, up and waddle off uninjured, only to harmlessly tumble down again a few steps later. 9 In contrast, many elderly people are injured when they fall. 10 Their bodies are fragile and susceptible to injury. 11 They are frail and easily hurt. 12 They rarely "bounce back" after they topple. 13Consequently, they usually avoid living alone and risking falling with no one there to help. 14 AS people age, their eyesight, hearing, and reflexes often diminish, increasing their likelihood of falling. 15 Sometimes they do not see or hear things that might warn them of danger. 16 Frequently their adaptation to sudden changes in position diminishes.

17 Chronic illness also reduces older people's strength and balance, increasing the likelihood of falling. 18 Side effects of medications they take sometimes cause light-headedness and loss of balance.

19 Several factors often work together to make the elderly prone to falls. 20 When they do not have or use the lighting needed to see clearly as they walk in their surroundings. 21 Age and wear and tear on the body sometimes make their legs unsteady and their ankles weak. 22 Also, their reflexes typically slow down as they age.

Which sentence can be added to expand the information presented in sentences 14, 15, and 16?

Read passage 3 and answer the questions following the passage.
1 Erythrocytes are red blood cells. 2 They make up the majority of the cells found in human blood. 3 The volume in a cubic milliliter of blood contains more than four million of them and only thousands of the
other blood cells.

4 The function of red blood cells is essential to life. 5 Erythrocytes travel continuously through the body's veins and capillaries. 6 As they circulate, they carry oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the other living cells. 7 They move oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from them.

8 The constant exchange of gases is vital since it keeps the body tissues alive and functioning,
An essential pigment in erythrocytes enables oxygen to combine with them. 10 This pigment,
hemoglobin, also produces the red color of blood. 11 The amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells influence the amount of oxygen they carry. 12 Abnormal levels of hemoglobin affect 'oxygen delivery to the tissues, which hinders the body's functions.

13 The type of hemoglobin in red blood cells also affect their function. 14 For example, sickle cell disease produces high levels of an abnormal hemoglobin. 15 This genetic malady prevents erythrocytes from freely moving through veins and capillaries and carrying oxygen effectively,
16 As cells, erythrocytes are unique. 17 They both generate and develop in the bone marrow along with other cell, but they have no nucleus. 18 Other blood cells include this dense internal component that contains genetic material. 19 Erythrocytes lose their nucleus as they mature, before the marrow releases them to circulate through the bloodstream.

Where is the best place to add the following paragraph?

During the last seven months of, 'gestation, developing babies' marrow produces fetal hemoglobin. This hemoglobin is called hemoglobin F. Hemoglobin A, adult hemoglobin, starts to replace hemoglobin F a few weeks before birth.

Read Passage 5 and answer the questions following the passage.

1 Pharmacology is the study of drugs and how they affect living things. 2 It is the science of substances that have medicinal properties. 3 These substances are called pharmaceuticals or medications.

4 Nursing pharmacology studies the type of drugs called medications. 5 It explores the composition and characteristics of medications. 6 It describes how they act and interact with humans and their physiologic processes.

7 It focuses on therapeutic medications-substances or agents that treat diseases or medical conditions. 8 It also studies how they can be toxic to life processes.

9 Nursing pharmacology combines the sciences of nursing, chemistry, biology, medicine, and physiology. 10 It joins these with statistics, mathematics, business, education and other fields.

11 Nursing pharmacology includes several subtypes: Clinical pharmacology studies the medical effects of medications Neuropharmacology studies the effects of mediations on the nervous system; Psychopharmacology studies the effects of medications on behavior

12 Nurses know about pharmacology regulation, which requires that all medications must be safe. 13 They know that extensive studies must prove that medications do not harm people. 14 They understand that regulations also require that medications must be effective-thorough testing must prove that they treat the diseases they target. 15 They know that medications are tested for effectiveness before they treat disease.

16 Nursing pharmacology is an ever-changing and growing science. 17 Nurses continually study it, to learn about new medications and new types of medications. 18 They know about commonly used medications and how they meet specific treatment needs.

Which sentence is repetitious and unnecessary to the passage?

Read Passage 5 and answer the questions following the passage.

1 Pharmacology is the study of drugs and how they affect living things. 2 It is the science of substances that have medicinal properties. 3 These substances are called pharmaceuticals or medications.

4 Nursing pharmacology studies the type of drugs called medications. 5 It explores the composition and characteristics of medications. 6 It describes how they act and interact with humans and their physiologic processes.

7 It focuses on therapeutic medications-substances or agents that treat diseases or medical conditions. 8 It also studies how they can be toxic to life processes.

9 Nursing pharmacology combines the sciences of nursing, chemistry, biology, medicine, and physiology. 10 It joins these with statistics, mathematics, business, education and other fields.

11 Nursing pharmacology includes several subtypes: Clinical pharmacology studies the medical effects of medications Neuropharmacology studies the effects of mediations on the nervous system; Psychopharmacology studies the effects of medications on behavior

12 Nurses know about pharmacology regulation, which requires that all medications must be safe. 13 They know that extensive studies must prove that medications do not harm people. 14 They understand that regulations also require that medications must be effective-thorough testing must prove that they treat the diseases they target. 15 They know that medications are tested for effectiveness before they treat disease.

16 Nursing pharmacology is an ever-changing and growing science. 17 Nurses continually study it, to learn about new medications and new types of medications. 18 They know about commonly used medications and how they meet specific treatment needs.

What information follows sentence 10 about the sciences and fields in nursing Pharmacology?