A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 years ago. The client reports following the recommended diet and exercising four times per week. Which of the following findings indicates that the client’s beta cells are restoring normal function?
Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL.
Client reports smoking cessation.
Weight gain of 5 lb.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A: Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL
A fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL is above the normal range (70-99 mg/dL) but may indicate some improvement in beta cell function if it was previously higher. In type 2 diabetes, beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin. When beta cells start to restore their function, they can produce more insulin, which helps lower blood glucose levels. However, a fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL still indicates that the client has diabetes and needs to continue managing their condition.
Choice B: Client reports smoking cessation
Smoking cessation is a positive health behavior and can improve overall health, including cardiovascular health, which is often compromised in individuals with diabetes. However, it does not directly indicate the restoration of beta cell function. Beta cell function is specifically related to the pancreas’s ability to produce insulin, and smoking cessation, while beneficial, does not directly impact this.
Choice C: Weight gain of 5 lb
Weight gain can have various implications for a person with type 2 diabetes. While modest weight gain might indicate improved nutritional status or muscle mass, it does not directly indicate the restoration of beta cell function. In fact, weight gain can sometimes worsen insulin resistance, making it harder for beta cells to function effectively.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
While monitoring the frequency of urination is important for managing diabetes insipidus, it is not the most critical aspect of discharge teaching. Diabetes insipidus causes excessive urination, and patients should be aware of this symptom. However, understanding the importance of wearing a medical alert bracelet is more crucial for ensuring immediate and appropriate care in emergencies.
Choice B Reason:
Changes in appetite are not a primary concern for patients with diabetes insipidus. The condition primarily affects fluid balance and urine output rather than appetite. Therefore, this topic is less relevant compared to the need for a medical alert bracelet.
Choice C Reason:
The benefit of a medical alert bracelet is paramount for patients with diabetes insipidus. In case of an emergency, the bracelet can inform healthcare providers about the patient’s condition, ensuring they receive appropriate and timely treatment. This can be life-saving, especially if the patient is unable to communicate their medical history.
Choice D Reason:
Weight gain or loss can be a secondary concern for patients with diabetes insipidus, as the condition primarily affects fluid balance. While it is important to monitor weight to assess fluid status, it is not as critical as ensuring the patient understands the importance of wearing a medical alert bracelet.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, is not a direct cause of central diabetes insipidus. Central diabetes insipidus is primarily related to issues with the production or release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Hypokalemia can affect kidney function but does not typically cause central diabetes insipidus.
Choice B Reason:
Surgery, particularly brain surgery, can cause central diabetes insipidus by damaging the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. These structures are crucial for the production and release of ADH, which regulates water balance in the body. Damage to these areas during surgery can lead to a deficiency in ADH, resulting in central diabetes insipidus.
Choice C Reason:
Renal failure is not a cause of central diabetes insipidus. While renal failure affects the kidneys’ ability to filter waste and balance fluids, central diabetes insipidus is related to a deficiency in ADH production or release. Renal failure can lead to other types of diabetes insipidus, such as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, where the kidneys do not respond properly to ADH.
Choice D Reason:
Sickle cell disease is not a direct cause of central diabetes insipidus. Sickle cell disease primarily affects red blood cells and can lead to various complications, including kidney damage. However, it does not typically cause central diabetes insipidus, which is related to issues with ADH production or release.
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