A 30-year-old pregnant woman is in labor, and the obstetrician suspects that there might be a complication with the progression of labor due to the fetus. Which fetal issue is most likely causing this complication?
Choices:
Small for gestational age.
Fetal macrosomia.
Intrauterine growth restriction.
Fetal anemia.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice B rationale
Fetal macrosomia, defined as birth weight above 4,000 grams, can complicate labor due to increased risk of shoulder dystocia, prolonged labor, and cesarean delivery. Proper management of macrosomia is critical for maternal and neonatal outcomeChoice s.
Choice A rationale
Small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses, although growth-restricted, typically do not pose mechanical issues in labor. The primary concerns involve potential preterm birth, low birth weight, and associated neonatal complications, not labor obstruction.
Choice C rationale
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) fetuses are smaller than expected for gestational age but do not generally cause labor obstruction. IUGR primarily raises concerns about fetal well-being and potential complications, not mechanical labor issues.
Choice D rationale
Fetal anemia, although serious, does not typically affect the mechanical aspects of labor progression. It can lead to fetal hypoxia and distress, requiring close monitoring and potentially earlier delivery, but not labor complications related to size.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Prostaglandins are involved in labor but primarily act to ripen the cervix and induce uterine contractions, not prolong labor. They are produced by the fetus and placenta during pregnancy.
Choice B rationale
Catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, are released in response to stress and anxiety, leading to vasoconstriction, reduced blood flow to the uterus, and prolonged labor. They are produced by the adrenal glands.
Choice C rationale
Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and accelerates labor. It is often administered to induce or augment labor, rather than prolong it. It is produced in the hypothalamus.
Choice D rationale
Orexin, also known as hypocretin, is involved in regulating arousal, wakefulness, and appetite, but has no direct role in labor. It is produced in the hypothalamus.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
MRI is not typically used for assessing placental perfusion or IUGR. It provides detailed imaging but is not the primary tool for evaluating fetal growth.
Choice B rationale
Doppler Flow Studies are used to assess placental and fetal blood flow, making them crucial for evaluating placental perfusion and diagnosing IUGR in gestational hypertension.
Choice C rationale
Amniocentesis is used for genetic testing and assessing fetal lung maturity, not for evaluating placental perfusion or diagnosing IUGR in gestational hypertension.
Choice D rationale
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is for early genetic testing and not suitable for assessing placental perfusion or IUGR, which requires evaluation of blood flow.
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