In the Neuro ICU, a comatose patient has this posture in bed: Upper arms are flexed tight to the sides with elbows, wrists, and fingers flexed. The legs are extended and internally rotated. The nurse interprets this posture as:

Decorticate Rigidity

Flaccid

Decerebrate Rigidity

Hemiplegia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the arms and extension of the legs. In this posture, the upper arms are flexed and held tightly to the sides, with the elbows, wrists, and fingers also flexed. The legs are extended and internally rotated.
B.   Flaccid posture, or flaccidity, is characterized by a complete lack of muscle tone, which leads to a limp and lifeless appearance. There is no resistance to passive movement, and the muscles are weak or paralyzed.

C.   Decerebrate rigidity is characterized by extension of both the arms and the legs. In this posture, the arms are extended at the sides with the wrists and fingers flexed, and the legs are extended and internally rotated. This type of rigidity indicates damage to the brainstem below the red nucleus.
D.   Hemiplegia refers to paralysis of one side of the body, which can result from brain injury or stroke affecting one hemisphere of the brain. The affected side will have limited or no movement and muscle tone.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. A hallucination is a sensory experience that occurs without any external stimulus. It involves perceiving things that are not present in the environment, such as hearing voices or seeing things that are not there. The young man hearing his deceased sister talking to him in his head is an example of an auditory hallucination, which is a common symptom in schizophrenia.
B. Perseveration is the repetitive and persistent repetition of a particular response, such as a word or action, despite the absence of a stimulus or the problem being resolved. It is not related to abnormal sensory perceptions but rather to repetitive behaviors or speech. The young man's experience of hearing voices does not fit this description.
C. A fugue state is a type of dissociative disorder where a person suddenly and unexpectedly travels away from home or customary work locations and cannot recall their past. It often involves amnesia for personal history. The scenario described does not involve such travel or amnesia but rather auditory experiences, making this term irrelevant.
D. An illusion is a misperception of an actual external stimulus. It involves incorrectly interpreting a real sensory input, such as mistaking a shadow for a person. Since the young man is not misinterpreting a real external stimulus but rather hearing something that is not present at all, an illusion does not accurately describe his experience.

A. CN V B. CN XII C. CN VII D. CN I

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) primarily controls sensation in the face and the muscles of mastication (chewing). While it is crucial for sensory input and motor control related to chewing, it does not directly control the movement of the tongue.
B. The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is responsible for controlling the movements of the tongue. A lesion of CN XII can cause the tongue to deviate towards the side of the weakness or damage. This is because the hypoglossal nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue, and damage to it results in weakness of the muscles on the affected side, causing the tongue to deviate towards that side when protruded.
C. The facial nerve (CN VII) controls the muscles of facial expression. While it affects facial movements and expressions, it does not control the movements of the tongue. A lesion in CN VII would typically result in facial asymmetry or weakness rather than tongue deviation.
D. The olfactory nerve (CN I) is responsible for the sense of smell. It does not have any role in controlling tongue movement. Therefore, a lesion in CN I would not cause deviation of the tongue.

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In the Neuro ICU, a comatose patient has this posture in bed: Upper arms are flexed tight to the sides with elbows, wrists, and fingers flexed. The legs are extended and internally rotated. The nurse interprets this posture as:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is performing a physical examination on a patient. When the patient is asked to protrude his tongue, the nurse noticed a deviation from the midline to the right side. This is related to a lesion of:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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