For an arterial blood gas (ABG) to have full compensation, which of the following statements is correct?
pCO2 and pHCO3 and pH are abnormal but the pa02 remains between 80-100 mmHg
arterial pH & pCO2 are abnormal but the pHCO3 is starting to change
pCO2, pHCO3 and pH have adjusted in expected range in 72 hours
arterial pH is between 7.35-7.45 and the pCO2 & pO2 are abnormal
The Correct Answer is C
C. Full compensation typically occurs within 2 to 3 days (approximately 72 hours) after the onset of an acid-base disturbance. During full compensation, the primary acid-base disorder (e.g., respiratory acidosis or alkalosis, metabolic acidosis or alkalosis) is still present, but the compensatory mechanisms have effectively brought the pH, pCO2, and bicarbonate (pHCO3) levels back towards normal range.
A. Full compensation occurs when both the primary disorder (respiratory or metabolic) and the compensatory mechanism (renal or respiratory) are functioning to return the pH towards normal. In this option, while the pO2 is within the normal range, the pH, pCO2, and bicarbonate (pHCO3) are all abnormal, indicating an ongoing imbalance.
B. Full compensation occurs when all components of the ABG are within or approaching normal range, indicating that the body's compensatory mechanisms have effectively counteracted the primary acid- base disturbance. In this option, the bicarbonate (pHCO3) is mentioned as starting to change, indicating incomplete compensation.
D. While the pH is within the normal range, both the pCO2 and pO2 are abnormal, indicating a primary respiratory disturbance. In the case of full compensation, the pH, pCO2, and bicarbonate (pHCO3) levels would all be within or approaching normal range, indicating that the compensatory mechanisms have effectively counteracted the primary acid-base disturbance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
A. Assessing family members for potential poor bereavement outcomes, such as complicated grief or unresolved issues, allows the nurse to provide appropriate support and interventions. This may involve identifying risk factors, offering counseling or referrals to support services, and providing emotional support to family members as needed.
C. Assessing the understanding of the dying process among family members helps the nurse identify their informational needs, address misconceptions, and provide education and support accordingly. Clear communication and open dialogue can help alleviate anxiety and uncertainty and empower family members to participate actively in the care of their loved one.
E. Respecting and supporting the client's religious and cultural beliefs and practices is essential in providing culturally competent care. This may involve collaborating with spiritual or religious leaders, facilitating rituals or ceremonies, providing appropriate accommodations, and honoring the client's preferences regarding end-of-life care and decision-making.
B. Encouraging frequent meals may not be appropriate during the dying process, as the client's appetite and ability to eat may be significantly diminished. Instead, the focus should be on providing comfort measures, maintaining oral hygiene, and offering small, manageable amounts of food or fluids based on the client's preferences and comfort level.
D. Urging the family to limit their time with the client is contrary to supporting them during the dying process. Family presence and involvement are essential for providing emotional support, companionship, and comfort to the client. Encouraging meaningful interactions and opportunities for sharing memories and expressions of love can promote a sense of connection and closure for both the client and their family.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. Experiencing multiple stressors simultaneously can overwhelm an individual's coping resources and make it more difficult to effectively manage stress. Coping with multiple stressors can lead to feelings of being overwhelmed, heightened anxiety, and decreased ability to cope with each stressor individually.
A. Undergoing a biopsy can be a stressful experience due to uncertainty about the results and fear of the procedure itself. However, the level of difficulty in coping with this stressor can vary among individuals depending on factors such as their coping mechanisms, social support, and previous experiences with medical procedures.
B. Relocating to an assisted-living facility can be a significant life transition, involving changes in living arrangements, loss of independence, and adjustment to a new environment. This stressor can be particularly challenging for individuals who have strong attachments to their current living situation or who are facing health-related issues that necessitate the move.
C. Understanding and researching the stressor can sometimes help individuals cope better by providing knowledge and a sense of control. However, this does not necessarily make coping with the stressor easier, especially if the stressor itself is significant or if the individual lacks adequate support or resources to manage it effectively.
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