For a woman at 42 weeks gestation, which finding would require more assessment by the nurse?

Fetal heart rate of 118 beats/min

One fetal movement noted in a two-hour assessment by the mother

Cervix dilated 2 cm and 50% effaced

Score of 8 on the biophysical profile

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Fetal heart rate of 118 beats/min. A fetal heart rate of 118 bpm is within the normal range of 110-160 bpm and does not necessarily indicate fetal distress. While continuous monitoring is important in post-term pregnancies, this finding alone does not require urgent assessment.

B. One fetal movement noted in a two-hour assessment by the mother. Decreased fetal movement is a concerning sign that requires further assessment. At 42 weeks gestation, the aging placenta may lead to reduced oxygen and nutrient supply, increasing the risk of fetal compromise. Normally, at least 10 movements should be felt within two hours. A significant decrease in movement could indicate fetal distress or hypoxia, requiring immediate evaluation with a non-stress test (NST) or biophysical profile (BPP).

C. Cervix dilated 2 cm and 50% effaced. A partially dilated and effaced cervix is expected in a post-term pregnancy and does not indicate fetal distress. It suggests that labor may be approaching but does not require additional urgent assessment.

D. Score of 8 on the biophysical profile. A biophysical profile (BPP) score of 8 out of 10 is reassuring and indicates normal fetal well-being. If the score were 4 or lower, it would require immediate intervention, but a score of 8 suggests adequate oxygenation and fetal health.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Maintaining euglycemia in labor reduces the need for insulin postpartum. While insulin requirements typically decrease after delivery due to the loss of placental hormones that cause insulin resistance, the primary reason for tight glucose control during labor is to prevent neonatal complications rather than reducing postpartum insulin needs.

B. A blood glucose level above 110 puts the client at risk for infection in labor. Poorly controlled diabetes can increase infection risk over time, but transient hyperglycemia in labor is not a direct cause of infection. The focus of glucose management during labor is to prevent neonatal hypoglycemia rather than maternal infection.

C. More insulin will be available for fetal use via placental transfer. Insulin does not cross the placenta, so maternal insulin therapy does not provide insulin to the fetus. However, maternal hyperglycemia leads to increased fetal insulin production, which can cause neonatal hypoglycemia after birth.

D. An elevated blood glucose in labor increases the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. Maternal hyperglycemia causes the fetus to produce excessive insulin in utero. After birth, when the maternal glucose supply is suddenly cut off, the infant’s high insulin levels can cause a rapid drop in blood glucose, leading to neonatal hypoglycemia, which can be dangerous if not managed properly.

A. Consuming more calories covers the insulin secreted by the fetus. B. Fetal weight gain increases as a result of the common response of maternal overeating. C. Extra circulating glucose causes the fetus to acquire fatty deposits. D. Taking exogenous insulin stimulates fetal growth

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Consuming more calories covers the insulin secreted by the fetus. The fetus does not secrete insulin to regulate maternal glucose levels. Instead, the maternal pancreas produces insulin in response to blood sugar levels, but in diabetes, maternal insulin resistance leads to excess glucose being transferred to the fetus.

B. Fetal weight gain increases as a result of the common response of maternal overeating. While some women with diabetes may have increased caloric intake, this is not the primary reason for fetal macrosomia (large birth weight). The major factor is maternal hyperglycemia leading to excess fetal insulin production and fat deposition.

C. Extra circulating glucose causes the fetus to acquire fatty deposits. In diabetic pregnancies, excess maternal glucose crosses the placenta, leading to fetal hyperinsulinemia. The increased insulin promotes fat storage and excessive fetal growth, leading to macrosomia, which increases the risk of birth complications such as shoulder dystocia.

D. Taking exogenous insulin stimulates fetal growth. Insulin does not cross the placenta, so maternal insulin therapy does not directly affect fetal growth. Instead, fetal macrosomia results from prolonged exposure to maternal hyperglycemia, which causes the fetus to produce excessive insulin and store extra fat.

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For a woman at 42 weeks gestation, which finding would require more assessment by the nurse?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A laboring woman with Type 1 diabetes is on an IV insulin drip, and the nurse is monitoring her glucose levels hourly. The woman's partner asks why the glucose needs to remain between 70-110 mg/dL. The nurse's response is based on which of the following information?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse teaching a prenatal class is asked why infants of diabetic mothers are often larger than those born to women who do not have diabetes. On what information about pregnant women with diabetes should the nurse base the response?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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