Carbohydrate digestion begins in the__ whereas protein digestion begins in the _.

liver; small intestine

mouth; stomach

small intestine; stomach

mouth; small intestine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Liver; small intestine: Carbohydrate and protein digestion do not begin in the liver or the small intestine. The liver is involved in metabolism but not in the initial digestion of carbohydrates or proteins.

B. Mouth; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase, while protein digestion begins in the stomach with pepsin.

C. Small intestine; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth and not the small intestine. Protein digestion starts in the stomach, not the small intestine.

D. Mouth; small intestine: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth, but protein digestion begins in the stomach, not the small intestine.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Glomerulus is involved in filtering blood but not in producing hypertonic urine.

B. Collecting duct reabsorbs water and concentrates urine, making it hypertonic.

C. Nephron loop (loop of Henle) creates a concentration gradient in the medulla that helps in water reabsorption but is not the primary site for final urine concentration. This option is partially correct but less specific than the collecting duct.

D. Proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs a significant portion of water and solutes but does not produce hypertonic urine.

A. The placenta is the organ that provides fetal nutrition, gas exchange, and waste removal. It also secretes hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and estrogen, which are essential for maintaining pregnancy and supporting fetal development. B. The blastocyst is the early stage of the embryo that implants into the endometrium, but it does not provide fetal nutrition or secrete pregnancy-regulating hormones. C. The myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterus responsible for contractions during labor, but it does not provide fetal nutrition or secrete hormones.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Ca2+: prevents the entrance of any more sperm- While calcium ions play a role in the slow block to polyspermy, the fast block involves sodium ions.

B. Na+: prevents the entrance of more Na- The fast block to polyspermy involves sodium ions (Na+), but the depolarization of the egg membrane prevents the entrance of more sperm, not just more Na+.

C. Na+: prevents the entrance of Ca2+. The fast block prevents additional sperm from entering, not calcium ions.

D. Na+: prevents the entrance of any more sperm: The fast block to polyspermy involves the opening of sodium ion channels, leading to depolarization of the egg membrane. This depolarization prevents other sperm from binding to and penetrating the egg.

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Carbohydrate digestion begins in the____________ whereas protein digestion begins in the ___________.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus that supports the embryo after implantation, but it does not provide direct fetal nutrition or secrete hormones for fetal development.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the____________ whereas protein digestion begins in the ___________.

Neonatal liver system processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue.

During birth, an infant is normally stimulated to breathe by_________________.

What are the major chemical buffer systems of the body?

Which of the following is not involved in chemical digestion?

What structure leads from each ovary to the uterus?

A. The bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein: The major chemical buffer systems in the body are the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein buffer systems.

Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the__ whereas protein digestion begins in the _.