Calculate the flow rate in ml/hr and gtt/min using the formula method 500 mL D5W in 6hr. Drop factor: 15 gtt/mL.

A) Nausea and vomiting:
Nausea and vomiting are common gastrointestinal side effects of ibuprofen, which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Ibuprofen can irritate the stomach lining, leading to nausea, vomiting, or even gastritis and peptic ulcers with long-term use. This is a well-known side effect of NSAIDs, and clients are often advised to take the medication with food to reduce the risk.

B) Drowsiness:
While some individuals may experience fatigue or a mild sedative effect, it is not typically associated with ibuprofen. Other pain medications, such as opioids or certain antihistamines, are more likely to cause drowsiness, but this is rare for ibuprofen.

C) Blurred vision:
While serious side effects of NSAIDs can include vision changes (e.g., from elevated blood pressure or kidney dysfunction), blurred vision is not directly related to ibuprofen use. If blurred vision occurs, it is important to investigate other potential causes or conditions.

D) Increased heart rate:
Ibuprofen primarily affects the inflammatory pathways and the gastrointestinal system, and does not typically cause changes in heart rate. However, in rare cases, NSAIDs can lead to cardiovascular issues such as increased blood pressure, which could indirectly affect heart rate, but tachycardia is not a common or expected side effect.

A) Cough:
Cough is more commonly associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as enalapril or lisinopril, rather than with beta blockers. ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent dry cough due to the accumulation of bradykinin. Beta blockers do not generally have a direct effect on causing cough, so this is not a typical side effect of beta blockers.

B) Hypotension:
Hypotension (low blood pressure) is a common and well-documented side effect of beta blockers. Beta blockers, such as metoprolol, atenolol, and propranolol, work by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to a reduction in heart rate and the force of heart contractions, which can lower blood pressure. In patients with already low blood pressure or those receiving other antihypertensive medications, this effect may be more pronounced and could lead to symptomatic hypotension, such as dizziness or lightheadedness.

C) Anxiety:
Anxiety is not a common side effect of beta blockers. In fact, beta blockers are sometimes prescribed to manage symptoms of anxiety, particularly for physical symptoms like palpitations and tremors. However, anxiety may worsen in some individuals due to other factors, such as the psychological impact of dealing with heart disease, but this is not a typical side effect of beta blockers.

D) Elevated heart rate:
Beta blockers work to decrease heart rate by blocking the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) on beta-adrenergic receptors. This leads to a slower heart rate and reduced workload on the heart. Therefore, elevated heart rate is not a common side effect of beta blockers. In fact, if the heart rate becomes too low (bradycardia), this can be a concerning side effect, but it is the opposite of an elevated heart rate.