An adolescent arrives at the emergency department (ED) with a fever and persistent lower right quadrant abdominal pain.
The patient is anxious, fearful, and hyperventilating.
What acid-base imbalance does the nurse anticipate the patient will develop?
Respiratory alkalosis.
Respiratory acidosis.
Metabolic alkalosis.
Metabolic acidosis.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Hyperventilation leads to a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. This causes the pH of the blood to increase, resulting in respiratory alkalosis.
Choice B rationale
Respiratory acidosis is caused by a buildup of CO2 in the blood, typically due to hypoventilation (under-breathing). This is not consistent with the patient’s symptoms of hyperventilation.
Choice C rationale
Metabolic alkalosis is typically caused by a significant loss of acid from the body, such as from prolonged vomiting. This is not consistent with the patient’s symptoms.
Choice D rationale
Metabolic acidosis is typically caused by an increase in acid production within the body or a loss of bicarbonate from the body, such as in diabetic ketoacidosis or kidney disease. This is not consistent with the patient’s symptoms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Restricted activity can help reduce intestinal activity, thereby decreasing inflammation and allowing for tissue healing within the gastrointestinal tract.
Choice B rationale
While controlling diarrhea episodes is an important aspect of managing Crohn’s disease, it is not the primary purpose of activity restriction.
Choice C rationale
Promoting the healing process is a crucial aspect of managing Crohn’s disease. However, the primary purpose of activity restriction is to reduce intestinal activity, which in turn can promote healing.
Choice D rationale
Decreasing abdominal pain is an important aspect of managing Crohn’s disease, but it is not the primary purpose of activity restriction.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Mixing the dextrose in a 50 mL piggyback for a total volume of 100 mL is not the best method for administering the medication. This would dilute the dextrose, potentially reducing its effectiveness.
Choice B rationale
Diluting the dextrose in one liter of 0.9% normal saline solution is not the best method for administering the medication. This would significantly dilute the dextrose, potentially reducing its effectiveness.
Choice C rationale
Asking the pharmacist to add the dextrose to a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution is not the best method for administering the medication. This would not provide the immediate glucose boost needed to counteract insulin shock.
Choice D rationale
Pushing the undiluted dextrose slowly through the currently infusing IV is the best method for administering the medication. This allows for rapid administration of a concentrated glucose solution, which is necessary to quickly raise blood glucose levels in a patient experiencing insulin shock.
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