A woman comes to the clinic and asks the nurse about when she should have her first mammogram. The woman is at low risk and has no family history of breast cancer. Using the recommendations of the American Cancer Society, the nurse would suggest the woman have her first mammogram at which age?

30 years

35 years

45 years

40 years

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. 30 years:

The American Cancer Society does not recommend routine mammograms for women at average risk and with no family history of breast cancer starting at age 30. Mammograms at this age are generally not considered necessary unless there are specific risk factors or symptoms present that warrant earlier screening.

B. 35 years:

Similarly, the American Cancer Society does not recommend routine mammograms for women at average risk and with no family history of breast cancer starting at age 35. While early detection is important, routine screening mammography typically begins at a later age for women at average risk.

C. 45 years:

This is the correct choice according to the American Cancer Society's recommendations. For women at average risk and with no family history of breast cancer, the American Cancer Society suggests starting annual mammograms at age 45. This age was determined based on evidence indicating that screening mammography in this age group can effectively detect breast cancer and reduce mortality rates associated with the disease.

D. 40 years:

While some organizations, such as the American College of Radiology and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, recommend starting routine mammograms at age 40, the American Cancer Society suggests starting at age 45 for women at average risk and with no family history of breast cancer. The choice to begin screening at age 45 aligns with evidence-based recommendations and balances the benefits of early detection with the potential harms of false positives and overdiagnosis in younger women.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Social isolation related to feelings about appearance:

Social isolation refers to a state in which an individual lacks social interaction or feels disconnected from others. This can occur when individuals feel self-conscious or ashamed about their appearance and may withdraw from social situations as a result. In this scenario, the woman's feelings about her appearance may indeed lead to social isolation. However, while social isolation is a significant concern, it may not be the most immediate priority compared to addressing the woman's feelings of low self-esteem.

B. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to effects of disease on vasculature:

Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion refers to inadequate blood flow to the peripheral tissues, which can lead to impaired tissue oxygenation and nutritional deficits. While PCOS can have metabolic and cardiovascular implications, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, leading to potential vascular issues, there is no indication in the scenario provided that the woman is experiencing acute vascular compromise. Therefore, this nursing diagnosis is less relevant in this context.

C. Risk for suicide related to effects of condition and fluctuating hormone levels:

PCOS is associated with an increased risk of mental health issues, including depression and anxiety, which can contribute to an elevated risk of suicidal ideation or behavior. The woman's distress over the physical manifestations of PCOS and feelings of diminished femininity could certainly exacerbate such psychological issues. However, while suicide risk is a serious concern, there is no explicit indication in the scenario that the woman is actively expressing suicidal thoughts or behaviors. Therefore, while it's important to monitor for signs of depression and suicidal ideation, this nursing diagnosis may not be the most immediate priority at this stage.

D. Situational low self-esteem related to masculinization effects of the disease:

This nursing diagnosis addresses the woman's feelings of low self-esteem specifically related to the physical manifestations of PCOS, such as hirsutism, alopecia, breast atrophy, and increased muscle mass, which are affecting her sense of femininity and self-identity. Given her distress and negative perception of her appearance, addressing her low self-esteem and providing support and interventions to help improve her self-image would likely be the most immediate priority in her care.

A. engaging in daily exercise B. eating a high-fat diet C. becoming pregnant D. using estrogen contraceptives E. Having regular pelvic exams

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Engaging in daily exercise:

Regular physical activity has been associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. Exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and may help regulate hormone levels, which can contribute to a lower risk of developing endometrial cancer.

B. Eating a high-fat diet:

Consuming a high-fat diet may increase the risk of endometrial cancer. High-fat diets have been linked to obesity, which in turn is a risk factor for endometrial cancer. Additionally, high-fat diets may alter hormone levels in the body, potentially affecting the development of endometrial cancer.

C. Becoming pregnant:

Pregnancy and childbirth can have a protective effect against endometrial cancer. During pregnancy, hormonal changes and the cessation of menstrual cycles may reduce the exposure of the endometrium to estrogen, potentially decreasing the risk of developing endometrial cancer.

D. Using estrogen contraceptives:

Estrogen-containing contraceptives, such as birth control pills, patches, or hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs), have been associated with a higher risk of endometrial cancer, especially if used for extended periods. Estrogen alone, without the balancing effect of progesterone, can stimulate the growth of the endometrium and increase the risk of cancer.

E. Having regular pelvic exams:

Regular pelvic exams, which may include a Pap smear and/or endometrial biopsy, can help detect abnormalities in the endometrium at an early stage. Early detection can lead to timely intervention and treatment, potentially reducing the risk of advanced endometrial cancer.

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A woman comes to the clinic and asks the nurse about when she should have her first mammogram. The woman is at low risk and has no family history of breast cancer. Using the recommendations of the American Cancer Society, the nurse would suggest the woman have her first mammogram at which age?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

During a routine health check-up, a young adult woman asks the nurse about ways to prevent endometrial cancer. Which actions would the nurse most likely include? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

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