A team of nurse case managers is implementing a community-based palliative care program. They are meeting today to discuss their progress.

Exhibits

Select the 2 nurses who are performing actions in the evaluation phase of the nursing process.

A. Determine each member's role in the family: This method directly assesses how the family functions as a unit, including dynamics such as communication, decision-making, hierarchy, and caregiving responsibilities—core elements of the family systems approach.

B. Review the Healthy People objectives for family health: While useful for setting public health goals, this approach is broad and population-focused and does not provide specific insights into the functioning of an individual family unit.

C. Complete a three-generation genogram of the family: A genogram maps biological and health histories across generations, which helps with identifying patterns of disease or risk but does not specifically evaluate family functioning or roles.

D. Conduct a windshield survey of the family's community: A windshield survey helps assess community-level environmental factors but does not give information about internal family dynamics or functioning as emphasized in the family systems approach.

A. Neither of the child's parents are financially stable: Chronic financial instability can contribute to elevated stress levels in the household, which may overwhelm coping mechanisms and increase the likelihood of neglect or physical abuse. Limited access to support services and basic needs can further exacerbate family tensions.

B. The child spends the weekends with their grandparents: Regular visits with grandparents are a typical caregiving arrangement and do not, in themselves, suggest risk factors for abuse. This may instead provide additional support and oversight for the child’s well-being.

C. The child's family has an indoor cat that sleeps with the child: Pet ownership and animals sharing space with children are not associated with an increased risk of abuse. This may indicate a nurturing environment, as many families find emotional comfort in pets.

D. One of the child's parents appears frightened of the other parent: Fear in a partner often points to intimate partner violence, which can create an unsafe environment for children. Children in households with domestic abuse are at higher risk for both direct abuse and emotional trauma.

E. One of the child's parents has a history of alcohol use disorder: Alcohol use disorder can impair parenting ability, increase impulsivity and aggression, and reduce the capacity to provide a safe and stable environment. This raises the risk for both neglect and intentional harm toward children.