A public health nurse plans to investigate the incidence rate of tuberculosis to inform the development of local public health programs aimed at prevention. Which of the following sources should the nurse use to retrieve this information?
Health department data and statistics reports
Expert opinion from local health care providers
Browsing an internet search engine
Clinical guidelines from a professional organization
The Correct Answer is A
A. Health department data and statistics reports: Local or state health departments routinely collect and publish epidemiological data, including incidence and prevalence rates of communicable diseases like tuberculosis. These reports provide reliable, up-to-date statistics that are essential for planning and evaluating public health programs.
B. Expert opinion from local health care providers: Expert opinion can provide insights into trends or clinical observations, but it is anecdotal and not sufficient for calculating incidence rates. Public health planning requires data that is systematically collected and analyzed.
C. Browsing an internet search engine: While internet searches may yield general information, the results may not be accurate, up-to-date, or specific to the local population. Official health department sources are more reliable for incidence data.
D. Clinical guidelines from a professional organization: Clinical guidelines provide recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and management, but they do not usually include local incidence statistics. They are not a primary source for epidemiological data.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Severe abdominal pain: Severe abdominal pain is more commonly associated with placental abruption, not placenta previa. In placenta previa, the placenta covers the cervical opening, which typically causes painless bleeding rather than significant abdominal discomfort.
B. Delayed menses: Delayed menses is not related to placenta previa. This condition occurs during pregnancy, after menses have already ceased, and does not influence menstrual timing.
C. Nausea: Nausea is a common symptom in early pregnancy due to hormonal changes but is not a characteristic finding of placenta previa. It does not help in diagnosing or identifying this placental complication.
D. Spotting: Spotting or painless vaginal bleeding, especially in the second or third trimester, is a hallmark sign of placenta previa. The bleeding occurs because the placenta partially or completely covers the cervical os, and it often requires careful monitoring and management to prevent maternal and fetal complications.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. BUN 22 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL): A slightly elevated BUN indicates mild renal impairment or dehydration but does not typically require withholding enoxaparin. Monitoring renal function is important, but this value alone is not a contraindication for anticoagulation.
B. WBC count 15,000/mm3 (5,000 to 10,000/mm3): An elevated WBC suggests possible infection or inflammation. While it may warrant further assessment, it does not directly increase the risk of bleeding and is not a reason to withhold enoxaparin.
C. Urine specific gravity 1.04 (1.005 to 1.03): A high specific gravity may indicate dehydration but is not a contraindication for enoxaparin administration. The medication can be given with caution while monitoring renal function and fluid status.
D. Platelets 80,000/mm3 (150,000 to 400,000/mm3): Thrombocytopenia significantly increases the risk of bleeding while on enoxaparin, which is an anticoagulant. Withholding the dose and notifying the provider is essential to prevent hemorrhagic complications and ensure safe management of the client.
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