A patient who has been taking antihypertensive drugs for a few months states that a new, persistent dry cough is very bothersome. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?

Calcium channel blocker

Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBS)

Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors

Beta-blockers

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Calcium channel blocker: Calcium channel blockers (e.g., amlodipine, diltiazem) do not commonly cause a dry cough. They primarily work by relaxing blood vessels and reducing heart workload.

B. Angiotensin II receptor blocker: ARBs (e.g., losartan, valsartan) do not typically cause a persistent cough. They are often prescribed instead of ACE inhibitors for patients who experience this side effect.

C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril, enalapril) can cause a persistent dry cough due to the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that can irritate the airways.

D. Beta-blockers: Beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol, propranolol) are not commonly associated with a dry cough. They mainly affect heart rate and blood pressure but can cause bronchospasms in some patients.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Have you had any changes in your diet?" While diet can impact skin health, this question is not the most relevant for an immediate skin assessment. More direct questions about onset, symptoms, and exacerbating factors should be prioritized.

B. "Does your skin condition keep you awake at night?" Pruritus (itching), pain, or discomfort from a skin condition can disrupt sleep. Asking this helps assess the impact on daily life and quality of sleep.

C. "How does your skin condition make you feel?" Skin conditions can affect self-esteem and mental health. This question is therapeutic and appropriate to assess emotional impact.

D. "How do you handle stress?" Many skin conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis, worsen with stress. This question is relevant for identifying triggers.

A. Stage IV B. Stage I C. Stage III D. Stage II

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Stage IV: Stage IV ulcers involve full-thickness skin loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle. Since this ulcer is shallow and pink without slough, it is not Stage IV.

B. Stage I: Stage I ulcers are intact skin with non-blanchable erythema. Since the ulcer is open, it is not Stage I.

C. Stage III: Stage III ulcers have full-thickness tissue loss, possibly exposing subcutaneous fat. The given description lacks fat exposure or depth, ruling out Stage III.

D. Stage II: Stage II pressure ulcers involve partial-thickness skin loss with a shallow open wound, pink/red wound bed, and no slough. The given description matches Stage II.

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A patient who has been taking antihypertensive drugs for a few months states that a new, persistent dry cough is very bothersome. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is observing a newly licensed nurse who is performing a focused skin assessment on a client who reports a skin condition. Which of the following questions by the newly licensed nurse requires intervention?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse admitting an older patient notes a shallow open reddish, pink ulcer without slough on the right heel of the patient. How will the nurse stage this pressure ulcer?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the electrocardiogram (ECG) results. Which portion of the conduction system does the nurse consider when evaluating the P wave?

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The nurse is preparing to assess the blood pressure of a 3-year-old. How should the nurse proceed?

The nurse is completing an assessment of the patient's skin integrity. Which assessment is the priority?

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