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A patient asks the nurse to explain the medications they are taking. Which medication would be considered an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor?

A.

simvastatin

B.

losartan

C.

Quinapril

D.

Metoprolol

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Simvastatin:
Simvastatin is a medication used to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in the production of cholesterol in the liver. It is not an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Therefore, it does not have a direct effect on blood pressure or the renin-angiotensin system.

B) Losartan:
Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), not an ACE inhibitor. Like ACE inhibitors, ARBs are used to treat conditions like hypertension and heart failure, but they work differently by blocking the receptors that angiotensin II binds to, rather than inhibiting the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

C) Quinapril:
Quinapril is an ACE inhibitor. ACE inhibitors block the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme, which converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. By inhibiting this conversion, ACE inhibitors like quinapril help lower blood pressure, reduce strain on the heart, and treat conditions like hypertension and heart failure.

D) Metoprolol:
Metoprolol is a beta-blocker, not an ACE inhibitor. It works by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, which helps to lower heart rate and blood pressure. It is often used in the management of hypertension, heart failure, and to prevent heart attacks, but it does not affect the renin-angiotensin system like ACE inhibitors.
 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Given:
Volume of fluid: 50 mL (DSW) + 10 mL (for reconstitution) = 60 mL
Infusion time: 45 minutes
Drop factor: 10 gtt/mL

Formula:
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Volume (mL) / Time (min)) x Drop factor (gtt/mL)

Step 1: Calculate the infusion rate in mL/min:
Infusion rate (mL/min) = Volume (mL) / Time (min)
Infusion rate (mL/min) = 60 mL / 45 min
Infusion rate (mL/min) = 1.33 mL/min

Step 2: Calculate the flow rate in gtt/min:
Flow rate (gtt/min) = Infusion rate (mL/min) x Drop factor (gtt/mL)
Flow rate (gtt/min) = 1.33 mL/min x 10 gtt/mL
Flow rate (gtt/min) = 13.3 gtt/min

Step 3: Round to the nearest whole number:
Flow rate (gtt/min) ≈ 13 gtt/min

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Cardizem:
Cardizem (diltiazem) is a calcium channel blocker. Calcium channel blockers work by inhibiting the entry of calcium into the smooth muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, which helps relax the blood vessels and lower blood pressure.

B) Labetalol:
Labetalol is a beta blocker and an alpha-1 blocker. It works by blocking both beta-adrenergic receptors (which help decrease heart rate and blood pressure) and alpha-1 receptors (which cause vasodilation). This dual action makes labetalol effective in treating high blood pressure, especially in patients with conditions like hypertension and hypertensive emergencies. It reduces heart rate and helps relax blood vessels, improving blood flow.

C) Losartan:
Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). ARBs work by blocking the effects of angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict. By blocking this effect, losartan helps lower blood pressure and is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.

D) Simvastatin:
Simvastatin is a statin, which is a medication used to lower cholesterol levels. Statins work by inhibiting an enzyme involved in cholesterol production in the liver. They are used primarily to manage high cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease, but they do not have an effect on heart rate or blood pressure, unlike beta blockers.

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