What is the not common side effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?
constipation
headache
nonproductive cough
chest pain
The Correct Answer is C
A) Constipation:
ACE inhibitors primarily affect the cardiovascular system by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor. Common side effects of ACE inhibitors include cough, dizziness, or elevated potassium levels, but constipation is not typically associated with these medications.
B) Headache:
While headaches can occasionally occur due to changes in blood pressure or other factors related to ACE inhibitors, it is not considered a hallmark side effect. More commonly, ACE inhibitors are associated with dizziness or lightheadedness, particularly when standing up quickly, due to their blood pressure-lowering effects.
C) Nonproductive cough:
A nonproductive cough is the most common and well-known side effect of ACE inhibitors. This occurs in some patients because of the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that is normally broken down by the enzyme ACE. The buildup of bradykinin can lead to irritation in the airways, resulting in a dry, persistent cough. This side effect can be bothersome for patients and is one of the key reasons why ACE inhibitors might be switched to angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) if the cough becomes intolerable.
D) Chest pain:
While ACE inhibitors work to lower blood pressure and improve heart function, they do not commonly cause chest pain. If a patient experiences chest pain while taking an ACE inhibitor, it is more likely related to other underlying conditions (e.g., heart disease or angina) rather than the medication itself.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) "My heart rate may increase":
Digoxin is primarily used to slow the heart rate, not increase it. One of its actions is to increase the force of contraction of the heart while slowing the conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, which typically leads to a decreased heart rate. An increase in heart rate would be an unusual side effect and might indicate digoxin toxicity or another underlying issue.
B) "My vision may get blurred":
A common side effect of digoxin toxicity is visual disturbances, which may include blurred vision, yellow-green halos, or other color vision abnormalities. These symptoms are often associated with elevated digoxin levels in the blood and are a hallmark sign of toxicity.
C) "I may have constipation after taking this medication":
Constipation is not a typical side effect of digoxin. While some medications may cause constipation, this is not a primary or common side effect of digoxin. If constipation occurs, it may be due to other factors, such as diet, other medications, or a comorbid condition.
D) "My abdomen may hurt after taking this medication":
Although abdominal discomfort can be a side effect of many medications, it is not a primary or typical side effect of digoxin. If the patient experiences abdominal pain, it could be related to digoxin toxicity, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Given:
Volume of fluid: 50 mL (DSW) + 10 mL (for reconstitution) = 60 mL
Infusion time: 40 minutes
Drop factor: 15 gtt/mL
Formula:
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Volume (mL) / Time (min)) x Drop factor (gtt/mL)
Step 1: Calculate the infusion rate in mL/min:
Infusion rate (mL/min) = Volume (mL) / Time (min)
Infusion rate (mL/min) = 60 mL / 40 min
Infusion rate (mL/min) = 1.5 mL/min
Step 2: Calculate the flow rate in gtt/min:
Flow rate (gtt/min) = Infusion rate (mL/min) x Drop factor (gtt/mL)
Flow rate (gtt/min) = 1.5 mL/min x 15 gtt/mL
Flow rate (gtt/min) = 22.5 gtt/min
Step 3: Round to the nearest whole number:
Flow rate (gtt/min) ≈ 23 gtt/min
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