A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes insipidus about the causes of hypernatremia. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
"I should avoid eating foods that are high in protein.”
"I should drink water whenever I feel thirsty.”
"I should take my prescribed medication as directed.”
"I should limit my intake of salt and salty foods."
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
Avoiding foods that are high in protein is not necessary for a client with diabetes insipidus. Protein intake does not affect the serum sodium level or the urine output in this condition. Therefore, this statement does not indicate a need for further teaching.
Choice B reason:
Drinking water whenever thirsty is not adequate for a client with diabetes insipidus. This condition causes excessive urine output and dehydration, which can lead to hypernatremia (high sodium level in the blood) The client should drink fluids according to a prescribed schedule and monitor the urine specific gravity to prevent fluid imbalance. Therefore, this statement indicates a need for further teaching.
Choice C reason:
Taking the prescribed medication as directed is important for a client with diabetes insipidus. The medication is usually a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which helps the kidneys retain water and reduce urine output. This can prevent dehydration and hypernatremia. Therefore, this statement does not indicate a need for further teaching.
Choice D reason:
Limiting the intake of salt and salty foods is advisable for a client with diabetes insipidus. Salt intake can increase the serum sodium level and worsen the fluid imbalance. The client should follow a low-sodium diet and avoid processed foods, canned foods, and table salt. Therefore, this statement does not indicate a need for further teaching.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Serum sodium level less than 135 mEq/L. This is an expected finding of hyponatremia, which is a condition of low sodium concentration in the blood. Sodium is an electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve impulses, and muscle contractions. Hyponatremia can result from excessive fluid intake, diuretic use, vomiting, diarrhea, or kidney disease.
Choice B reason:
Serum osmolality less than 280 mOsm/kg. This is an expected finding of hyponatremia, which is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the blood. Osmolality reflects the body's ability to maintain fluid balance and hydration status. Hyponatremia causes a decrease in osmolality due to dilution of the blood by excess water.
Choice C reason:
Urine specific gravity less than 1.010. This is an expected finding of hyponatremia, which is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine. Specific gravity reflects the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine. Hyponatremia causes a decrease in specific gravity due to increased urine output and water excretion.
Choice D reason:
Urine sodium level greater than 20 mEq/L. This is an expected finding of hyponatremia, which is a measure of the amount of sodium excreted in the urine. Sodium excretion reflects the kidney's ability to regulate sodium balance and fluid volume. Hyponatremia causes an increase in urine sodium level due to impaired sodium reabsorption and increased sodium loss.
Choice E reason:
Serum potassium level greater than 5 mEq/L. This is not an expected finding of hyponatremia, but rather a finding of hyperkalemia, which is a condition of high potassium concentration in the blood. Potassium is an electrolyte that helps regulate cardiac and neuromuscular function. Hyperkalemia can result from renal failure, acidosis, tissue injury, or medications that affect potassium excretion or shift.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
A headache that won't go away is a possible complication of hyponatremia, which is a low level of sodium in the blood. Hyponatremia can cause brain swelling, which can lead to headaches, confusion, seizures, and coma.
Choice B reason:
Feeling very thirsty all the time is not a complication of hyponatremia, but rather a symptom of diabetes insipidus, which is a condition that causes the body to produce large amounts of dilute urine and lose water. Diabetes insipidus occurs when there is a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is the opposite of SIADH.
Choice C reason:
Having trouble sleeping at night is not a complication of hyponatremia, but rather a common problem that can have many causes, such as stress, anxiety, caffeine, noise, or medication. Having trouble sleeping at night is not directly related to SIADH or sodium levels.
Choice D reason:
Losing weight recently is not a complication of hyponatremia, but rather a possible sign of fluid loss or dehydration. Fluid loss can occur in conditions that cause excessive urination, such as diabetes insipidus or diuretic use. Fluid loss can also cause hyponatremia, but it is not caused by SIADH.
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