A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertension. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply)

“I will use olive oil and vinegar as dressing for my salads."

“I can snack on low-calorie crackers between meals."

"I should limit the amount of processed cheese in my diet."

“I will buy frozen dinners four times a week to balance my diet."

"I should cook my pasta without putting salt in the boiling water."

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

A.   Olive oil and vinegar are healthier choices for salad dressing, especially for individuals with hypertension, as they are low in saturated fat and sodium.
B.   This choice is incorrect because low-calorie does not necessarily mean low in sodium, which is crucial for managing hypertension.
C.   Limiting processed cheese is advised because it often contains high levels of sodium, which can raise blood pressure.
D.   This choice is incorrect as many frozen dinners are high in sodium and preservatives, which are not recommended for a hypertension-friendly diet.
E.   Cooking pasta without salt is a good practice to reduce sodium intake, which is beneficial for blood pressure control.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. A hoarse voice can indicate difficulty swallowing or dysphagia, as aspiration of food or liquid into the airway can cause irritation and inflammation of the vocal cords.
B. Expressive aphasia is a language disorder characterized by difficulty expressing language verbally or in writing and is not directly related to dysphagia.
C. Continuous smiling is not typically associated with dysphagia and may indicate a different neurological or psychological issue.
D. Weight gain is not a direct manifestation of dysphagia but may occur due to other factors such as decreased mobility or changes in dietary habits.

A. Vitamin B12 B. Calcium C. Magnesium D. Folate

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While vitamin B12 is important for overall health, it is not specifically associated with the prevention of neural tube defects. Folate, however, is crucial for preventing neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
B. Calcium is important for bone health but is not specifically associated with the prevention of neural tube defects.
C. Magnesium is important for various bodily functions but is not specifically associated with the prevention of neural tube defects.
D. Folate (also known as folic acid) is the key nutrient recommended for preventing neural tube defects in the fetus. Pregnant women are advised to consume adequate amounts of folate, either through their diet or through supplements.

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