A nurse is teaching a client who has a urinary tract infection about the prescribed antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. The nurse instructs the client to avoid taking the medication with dairy products.
The client asks, “Why do I have to avoid dairy products?” What is the best response by the nurse?

This means that antifungal drugs have to target specific components of the fungal cell that are different from the human cell, such as the cell membrane or the cell wall.However, this also increases the risk of toxicity to human cells, especially those that have high turnover rates, such as liver and kidney cells.

Choice A is wrong because fungi do not have cell walls that are difficult to penetrate.Fungi have cell walls that are composed of chitin, glucan, and mannoproteins, which are different from the peptidoglycan cell walls of bacteria.

Antifungal drugs can target these components and disrupt the integrity of the fungal cell wall.

Choice B is wrong because fungi are not more resistant to drug therapy than bacteria.Fungi can develop resistance to antifungal drugs, but this is not a common mechanism of antifungal drug failure.Bacteria can also develop resistance to antibacterial drugs through various mechanisms, such as producing enzymes that degrade or modify the drugs, altering the target sites of the drugs, or pumping out the drugs from the cell.

Choice D is wrong because fungi do not mutate rapidly and develop drug resistance.

Fungi have a slower rate of mutation than bacteria because they have a more complex genome and a more efficient DNA repair system

Antiviral drugs for influenza can reduce the duration and severity of symptoms by inhibiting the replication of the virus in the body.They are most effective when started within 48 hours of illness onset.

Choice A is wrong because antiviral drugs do not kill the influenza virus, but only prevent it from multiplying.

Choice C is wrong because antiviral drugs do not prevent the transmission of the virus to others, but only reduce the amount of virus shed by infected persons.People who take antiviral drugs should still practice good hygiene and avoid close contact with others.

Choice D is wrong because antiviral drugs do not stimulate the immune system to fight off the virus, but only interfere with the viral enzymes that are essential for viral replication.Antiviral drugs are not a substitute for vaccination, which can induce protective immunity against influenza.