A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has AIDS and is malnourished. The client has been receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a therapeutic response to the TPN?

Hgb 10 g/dL

Temperature 38.4° C (101.1 F)

BUN 25 mg/dL

BMI 18.5

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

BMI (body mass index) of 18.5: BMI is a measure of body fat based on an individual's weight and height. A BMI of 18.5 is within the normal range and indicates that the client's nutritional status has improved. An increase in BMI suggests successful repletion of body stores and improved overall health.

Hgb (hemoglobin) of 10 g/dL: Hemoglobin level is an indicator of the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. While a hemoglobin level of 10 g/dL is within the normal range for an adult, it does not specifically indicate a therapeutic response to TPN. However, it can be associated with improved nutritional status.

Temperature of 38.4° C (101.1 F): An elevated temperature indicates the presence of a fever, which is not a direct therapeutic response to TPN but may be associated with an underlying infection or inflammation.

BUN (blood urea nitrogen) of 25 mg/dL: BUN is a measure of kidney function and protein metabolism. An elevated BUN may indicate dehydration, impaired kidney function, or increased protein breakdown. It is not a specific therapeutic response to TPN.

While other factors, such as hemoglobin level, temperature, and BUN, can provide additional information about the client's overall health, the most specific indicator of a therapeutic response to TPN in a malnourished client is an improvement in BMI.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse should identify that the client who follows a vegan diet is at risk for deficiencies in Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, and potentially Calcium.
1. Vitamin D: Vitamin D is primarily obtained from sunlight exposure and is also found in animal-based foods such as fatty fish, liver, and egg yolks. Since a vegan diet excludes animal products, it can be challenging to obtain sufficient Vitamin D. Vegans should consider fortified foods (e.g., plant-based milk, breakfast cereals) and may require Vitamin D supplements.
2. Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 is naturally found only in animal products, such as meat, fish, dairy, and eggs. Vegans are at a high risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency because
plant-based foods do not provide adequate amounts. Vegans should consider taking Vitamin B12 supplements or consuming foods fortified with Vitamin B12, such as certain plant-based milk, meat substitutes, and breakfast cereals.
3. Calcium: Calcium is essential for bone health. While it is possible to obtain calcium from plant-based sources such as fortified plant milk, tofu, leafy green vegetables, and fortified juices, vegan diets may be lower in calcium compared to diets that include dairy products. Vegans should pay attention to their calcium intake and consider supplements if needed.
Regarding the options listed in the question, Vitamin C, Magnesium, and Folic Acid deficiencies are not directly associated with a vegan diet. These nutrients can be adequately obtained from a well-planned vegan diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds.

A. Pulse rate 118/min B. Blood pressure 152/90 mm Hg C. Temperature 37.2° C (99° F) D. Central venous pressure 25 mm Hg

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Pulse rate of 118/min: In a client with fluid volume deficit, the pulse rate often increases as the body compensates for reduced blood volume.

B. Blood pressure of 152/90 mm Hg: This blood pressure reading does not specifically indicate fluid volume deficit as it can be influenced by various factors, including vascular tone and cardiac function.

C. Temperature of 37.2° C (99° F): This temperature reading is within the normal range and does not directly reflect fluid volume status.

D.Central venous pressure 25 mm Hg: This is elevated and typically suggests fluid volume excess rather than deficit.

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A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has AIDS and is malnourished. The client has been receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a therapeutic response to the TPN?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who follows a vegan diet. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following deficiencies?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse in a critical care unit is assessing an adult client. Which of the following findings by the nurse indicates a fluid volume deficit?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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