A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who smokes one pack of cigarettes per day.
The nurse should instruct the client that her newborn is at increased risk for which of the following clinical manifestations?

Low birth weight.

Hyperactivity.

Hypersensitivity to noise.

Craniofacial abnormalities.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

Maternal smoking is a major risk factor for low birth weight. Studies have consistently shown that infants born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to be born prematurely and have a lower birth weight compared to infants born to non-smoking mothers.

Nicotine, a primary component in cigarettes, is a vasoconstrictor that reduces blood flow to the placenta. This decreased blood flow can deprive the developing fetus of oxygen and essential nutrients, leading to impaired growth and development.

Carbon monoxide, another harmful substance in cigarette smoke, binds to hemoglobin in the blood, reducing its ability to carry oxygen. This can also contribute to fetal hypoxia and growth restriction.

Smoking can also interfere with placental function, further compromising the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.

Choice B rationale:

While some studies have suggested a possible link between maternal smoking and hyperactivity in children, the evidence is not conclusive. Further research is needed to establish a definitive association.

Choice C rationale:

There is no clear evidence to suggest that maternal smoking directly causes hypersensitivity to noise in newborns.

Choice D rationale:

Craniofacial abnormalities are not typically associated with maternal smoking. They are more commonly caused by genetic factors or exposure to certain medications or substances during pregnancy.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice B:

Implantation typically occurs 6 to 12 days after ovulation, not 2 to 3 weeks. This is a crucial distinction because it aligns with the developmental timeline of the early embryo and the physiological changes in the endometrium that prepare for implantation.

The timing of implantation is essential for establishing a viable pregnancy. If implantation occurs too early or too late, it can lead to complications such as early pregnancy loss or ectopic pregnancy.

Understanding the correct timing of implantation is vital for healthcare professionals to provide accurate information and guidance to clients regarding conception and early pregnancy.

Choice A:

Sperm can indeed remain viable in the woman's reproductive tract for up to 5 days. This means that intercourse that occurs several days before ovulation can still lead to conception.

The lifespan of sperm is important for understanding fertility and timing intercourse for those trying to conceive.

Choice C:

Fertilization does typically occur in the outer third of the fallopian tube, also known as the ampulla. This is where the sperm meets the egg, and fertilization takes place.

The location of fertilization is significant because it ensures that the fertilized egg, or zygote, has time to travel down the fallopian tube and implant in the uterus.

Choice D:

Bleeding can sometimes accompany implantation, known as implantation bleeding. This bleeding is usually light and occurs around the time of expected menstruation.

It is important to be aware of implantation bleeding as it can sometimes be mistaken for a menstrual period.

A. Large amount of bright red vaginal bleeding B. Severe pain with no bleeding C. High-grade fever D. Sudden sharp pain in the lower abdomen

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:
Large amount of bright red vaginal bleeding is the cardinal sign of placenta previa. This is because the placenta is abnormally positioned low in the uterus, covering the cervix partially or completely. When the cervix starts to dilate in preparation for labor, it can detach from the uterine wall, leading to significant bleeding. The blood is typically bright red, indicating fresh bleeding, and can be painless.
Severity of bleeding: The amount of bleeding can vary from spotting to massive hemorrhage, and it may start suddenly or gradually. Even a small amount of bleeding can be a sign of placenta previa and should not be ignored.
Risks of hemorrhage: Prompt recognition and management of bleeding are crucial to prevent potentially life-threatening hemorrhage for both the mother and the fetus.

Choice B rationale:
Severe pain with no bleeding is not a typical presentation of placenta previa. While some women with placenta previa may experience mild abdominal pain or cramping, severe pain without bleeding is more suggestive of placental abruption, a condition where the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall.

Choice C rationale:
High-grade fever is not a direct symptom of placenta previa. However, if a woman with placenta previa develops a fever, it could indicate an infection, which can further complicate the condition and require immediate medical attention.

Choice D rationale:
Sudden sharp pain in the lower abdomen can be a sign of placental abruption but is not characteristic of placenta previa.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who smokes one pack of cigarettes per day. The nurse should instruct the client that her newborn is at increased risk for which of the following clinical manifestations?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who smokes one pack of cigarettes per day.
The nurse should instruct the client that her newborn is at increased risk for which of the following clinical manifestations?