A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the instructions?
Infections become resistant to high doses of antibiotics.
Antibiotic dosages below the minimum concentration are prescribed.
Antibiotics are prescribed only when a viral infection is present.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used whenever possible.
The Correct Answer is A
A) Infections become resistant to high doses of antibiotics:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has become resistant to the antibiotic methicillin, as well as other beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin and cephalosporins). Over time, bacteria can develop resistance mechanisms, often as a result of antibiotic misuse or overuse, such as not completing a full course of treatment or using antibiotics unnecessarily. MRSA, in particular, can grow resistant to higher and higher doses of standard antibiotics, making treatment more challenging.
B) Antibiotic dosages below the minimum concentration are prescribed:
Antibiotic dosages should always be prescribed at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which is the lowest concentration of the drug that can inhibit bacterial growth. Prescribing antibiotics below this concentration would not be effective in treating the infection and could contribute to antibiotic resistance.
C) Antibiotics are prescribed only when a viral infection is present:
Antibiotics, including those prescribed for MRSA, are only effective against bacterial infections, not viral infections. For viral infections (such as the flu or common cold), antibiotics should not be used, as they are ineffective. MRSA is a bacterial infection, and it requires appropriate antibiotic therapy specifically targeted to the bacteria, not a viral infection.
D) Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used whenever possible:
While broad-spectrum antibiotics are sometimes used in initial treatments when the specific bacterial pathogen is unknown, their overuse can contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance. In the case of MRSA, a more targeted approach with antibiotics specifically effective against resistant strains (like vancomycin or clindamycin) is preferred.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) 6 Units Regular Insulin sub-cut:
According to the sliding scale, a blood glucose level of 164 mg/dL would not fall within the range requiring 6 units of insulin. The 6-unit dose is for blood glucose levels between 301-490 mg/dL. Since the client's reading of 164 mg/dL is lower than 181 mg/dL, this dosage is not applicable.
B) 2 Units Regular Insulin sub-cut:
This is also incorrect. The 2-unit dose is prescribed for blood glucose levels between 181-240 mg/dL. Since the client's reading is 164 mg/dL, it falls below this range, so 2 units is not appropriate.
C) 0.5 Units Regular insulin sub-cut:
This is not correct because there is no provision in the sliding scale for administering 0.5 units of insulin. The scale provides dosing for specific ranges and does not include fractional doses. Additionally, the blood glucose reading of 164 mg/dL does not require any insulin according to the prescribed sliding scale.
D) No coverage:
According to the sliding scale, a blood glucose level of 164 mg/dL falls within the 0-180 mg/dL range, which specifies no coverage or insulin administration. The sliding scale clearly indicates that no insulin is needed when the blood glucose level is within this range.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Nausea and vomiting:
Nausea and vomiting are common gastrointestinal side effects of ibuprofen, which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Ibuprofen can irritate the stomach lining, leading to nausea, vomiting, or even gastritis and peptic ulcers with long-term use. This is a well-known side effect of NSAIDs, and clients are often advised to take the medication with food to reduce the risk.
B) Drowsiness:
While some individuals may experience fatigue or a mild sedative effect, it is not typically associated with ibuprofen. Other pain medications, such as opioids or certain antihistamines, are more likely to cause drowsiness, but this is rare for ibuprofen.
C) Blurred vision:
While serious side effects of NSAIDs can include vision changes (e.g., from elevated blood pressure or kidney dysfunction), blurred vision is not directly related to ibuprofen use. If blurred vision occurs, it is important to investigate other potential causes or conditions.
D) Increased heart rate:
Ibuprofen primarily affects the inflammatory pathways and the gastrointestinal system, and does not typically cause changes in heart rate. However, in rare cases, NSAIDs can lead to cardiovascular issues such as increased blood pressure, which could indirectly affect heart rate, but tachycardia is not a common or expected side effect.
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