A nurse is reinforcing teaching about phenytoin with a client who had a tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Taking phenytoin diminishes potassium levels.
Monitor for gingival hyperplasia.
Taking ginkgo biloba increases phenytoin levels.
Minimize exposure to sunlight.
The Correct Answer is B
B. Phenytoin is associated with gingival hyperplasia, which is an overgrowth of gum tissue. It's essential for clients taking phenytoin to maintain good oral hygiene and receive regular dental check-ups to monitor for this side effect.
A. Phenytoin is not known to directly diminish potassium levels. However, it can cause a variety of electrolyte imbalances, including hyponatremia (low sodium levels) and hypocalcemia (low calcium levels), but not typically hypokalemia (low potassium levels).
C. Ginkgo biloba is an herbal supplement that does not interact with phenytoin.
D. Phenytoin can cause photosensitivity reactions in some individuals, leading to an increased risk of sunburn. However, teaching on gingival hyperplasia is more important.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, which is involved in the metabolism of alcohol. When a person drinks alcohol while taking disulfiram, they experience unpleasant symptoms such as flushing, nausea, vomiting, headache, and palpitations. These aversive reactions are intended to deter the individual from consuming alcohol, thereby supporting abstinence.
A. Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat seizures and mood disorders, but it is not typically used for aversion therapy in alcohol use disorder.
C. Atenolol is a beta-blocker medication used to treat hypertension and certain heart conditions. It is not indicated for aversion therapy in alcohol use disorder.
D. Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine medication used to treat anxiety and certain seizure disorders. It is not used for aversion therapy in alcohol use disorder.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
C. Sublingual nitroglycerin is rapidly absorbed through the mucous membranes under the tongue, and its effects are usually felt within 1 to 5 minutes. Patients should experience relief from angina symptoms shortly after administration.
A. While sublingual nitroglycerin can be taken every 5 minutes for a maximum of three doses for acute angina attacks, it should not be taken every 10 minutes. Taking it too frequently can lead to excessive vasodilation and potentially harmful side effects.
B. Nitroglycerin primarily dilates blood vessels rather than affecting heart rate. While it may cause a transient decrease in blood pressure, it does not typically slow heart rate.
D. Sublingual nitroglycerin should be taken on an empty stomach for optimal absorption. Food can delay absorption and decrease the effectiveness of the medication.
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