A nurse is providing teaching about the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to a client who has hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

"Limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day."

"Consume foods that are high in calcium."

"Increase intake of refined carbohydrates."

"Consume ten percent of total calories from saturated fat."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   The DASH diet recommends limiting sodium intake to 2,300 milligrams per day for most individuals and further reducing it to 1,500 milligrams per day for those with hypertension or at high risk for it. Therefore, the instruction to limit sodium intake to 3,200 milligrams per day is not consistent with DASH diet recommendations.
B.   The DASH diet emphasizes consumption of foods rich in calcium, such as low-fat dairy products, as part of its overall approach to promoting heart health and lowering blood pressure.
C.   The DASH diet encourages consumption of whole grains and limits intake of refined carbohydrates, as these can contribute to hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors.
D.   The DASH diet recommends limiting saturated fat intake to less than 6% of total calories, rather than ten percent, as part of its emphasis on heart-healthy eating patterns.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Providing the client with three large meals per day may contribute to fluid retention and exacerbate heart failure symptoms. Smaller, more frequent meals may be better tolerated.
B. Weighing the client once per week is not appropriate when there are signs of fluid retention and weight gain in a client with heart failure. More frequent monitoring of weight is necessary in this situation.
C. Reducing the client's sodium intake can help decrease fluid retention and manage symptoms of heart failure. Excess sodium intake can lead to fluid retention and exacerbate heart failure symptoms.
D. Restricting the client's protein intake is not indicated based solely on weight gain in heart failure. Protein restriction may lead to muscle wasting and compromise overall nutritional status.

A. Encourage the client to eat even if nauseated. B. Serve hot foods at mealtime. C. Provide low-fat carbohydrates with meals. D. Limit fluid intake between meals.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Encouraging the client to eat even if nauseated may worsen nausea and discomfort. It's essential to respect the client's feelings of nausea and provide strategies to alleviate symptoms before eating.
B. Serving hot foods at mealtime may exacerbate nausea in some individuals. It's generally recommended to serve foods at room temperature or slightly chilled to minimize nausea.
C. Providing low-fat carbohydrates with meals, such as crackers or bread, can help settle the stomach and provide easily digestible energy. Complex carbohydrates are less likely to exacerbate nausea compared to fatty or spicy foods.
D. Limiting fluid intake between meals may help reduce nausea in some individuals, but it's important to ensure adequate hydration throughout the day. Encouraging small, frequent sips of clear fluids may be beneficial for managing nausea and preventing dehydration.

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A nurse is providing teaching about the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to a client who has hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

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