A nurse is providing education to a client who has a newly diagnosed abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

An abdominal aortic aneurysm is commonly found in the suprarenal aorta.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm occurs as a result of a thickened wall of the abdominal artery.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a dilation of the abdominal aorta greater than 30 mm in diameter.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms might rupture if blood pressure is too low.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. An abdominal aortic aneurysm is commonly found in the suprarenal aorta: This statement is incorrect. Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are most commonly found infrarenally, below the level of the renal arteries, rather than in the suprarenal region.

B. An abdominal aortic aneurysm occurs as a result of a thickened wall of the abdominal artery: This statement is incorrect. An abdominal aortic aneurysm typically occurs due to weakening of the arterial wall, rather than thickening. The weakened wall allows the arterial wall to bulge or balloon out, forming an aneurysm.

C. An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a dilation of the abdominal aorta greater than 30 mm in diameter: This statement is correct. An abdominal aortic aneurysm is defined as a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta that exceeds 50% of the normal vessel diameter, typically greater than 30 mm in diameter. This dilation occurs due to weakening of the arterial wall, which can result from various factors such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and genetic predisposition.

D. Abdominal aortic aneurysms might rupture if blood pressure is too low: This statement is incorrect. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are more likely to rupture when blood pressure is too high, rather than too low. Hypertension increases the pressure within the weakened arterial wall, potentially leading to rupture. Therefore, controlling blood pressure is crucial in managing abdominal aortic aneurysms to reduce the risk of rupture.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Lisinopril: Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor commonly used to treat hypertension and heart failure. It is not typically contraindicated for cataract extraction surgery, and it does not significantly increase the risk of bleeding.

B. Synthroid: Synthroid is a synthetic form of thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism. It does not have any direct contraindications with cataract extraction surgery and does not significantly increase the risk of bleeding.

C. Clopidogrel: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication commonly used to prevent blood clots in individuals with cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease or recent myocardial infarction. However, it can increase the risk of bleeding, which may be problematic during cataract extraction surgery. Therefore, it is important to question administering clopidogrel prior to the procedure and potentially coordinate with the healthcare provider regarding its management.

D. Omeprazole: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to reduce stomach acid production and treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease. It does not have any direct contraindications with cataract extraction surgery and does not significantly increase the risk of bleeding.

A. "Pentoxifylline can be administered to help the platelets from sticking together and occluding the vessels." B. "A heparin bolus is administered and followed with a continuous infusion to help keep the blood thinner." C. "A flexible catheter will be inserted into a vessel of the arm, neck, or groin and advanced to the heart to dilate a narrowed or occluded artery." D. "A small catheter with a balloon on the end is threaded into a vessel in the groin and advanced to the heart where the balloon will be inflated, and the narrowed valve will be dilated. "

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) "Pentoxifylline can be administered to help the platelets from sticking together and occluding the vessels": Pentoxifylline is a medication used to improve blood flow by decreasing the viscosity of blood. However, it is not typically used to treat mitral valve stenosis. This statement does not accurately reflect treatment options for this condition.

B) "A heparin bolus is administered and followed with a continuous infusion to help keep the blood thinner": Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clot formation, but it is not a treatment for mitral valve stenosis itself. While anticoagulants may be used in certain situations with mitral valve stenosis (such as in the setting of atrial fibrillation), they do not directly address the underlying valve narrowing.

C) "A flexible catheter will be inserted into a vessel of the arm, neck, or groin and advanced to the heart to dilate a narrowed or occluded artery": This statement describes a procedure known as percutaneous transluminal mitral valvuloplasty (PTMV), which is a minimally invasive intervention used to treat mitral valve stenosis. During this procedure, a catheter with a deflated balloon on its tip is inserted into a vessel and guided to the heart, where the balloon is inflated to widen the narrowed valve.

D) "A small catheter with a balloon on the end is threaded into a vessel in the groin and advanced to the heart where the balloon will be inflated, and the narrowed valve will be dilated": This statement accurately describes balloon valvuloplasty, which is a common procedure used to treat mitral valve stenosis. By inflating the balloon within the narrowed valve, the procedure aims to widen the valve opening, thus improving blood flow through the heart.

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A nurse is providing education to a client who has a newly diagnosed abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

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