A nurse is preparing to administer valproic acid 400 mg PO bid for migraine headaches. Available is valproic acid 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?

(Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is ["8"]

To calculate the volume to administer, the nurse should use the following formula:

Volume (mL) = Dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL) x 1000

Plugging in the given values, the nurse should get:

Volume (mL) = 400 mg / 250 mg/5 mL x 1000

Volume (mL) = 8 mL

The nurse should round the answer to the nearest whole number and use a leading zero if it applies. Therefore, the nurse should administer 8 mL of valproic acid per dose.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Right-sided heart failure is a condition in which the right ventricle fails to pump blood eﬀectively to the lungs, causing a backup of blood in the systemic circulation. This leads to increased pressure in the right atrium and the vena cava, which can be measured by the central venous pressure (CVP). A normal CVP is 2 to 6 mm Hg, but in right-sided heart failure, it can rise above 10 mm Hg. Symptoms of right-sided heart failure include peripheral edema, jugular venous distension, hepatomegaly, ascites, and weight gain.

a. Increased pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP). This statement is incorrect because it describes a finding of left-sided heart failure, not right-sided heart failure. Left-sided heart failure is a condition in which the left ventricle fails to pump blood eﬀectively to the systemic circulation, causing a backup of blood in the pulmonary circulation. This leads to increased pressure in the left atrium and the pulmonary capillaries, which can be measured by the pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP). A normal PAWP is 6 to 12 mm Hg, but in left-sided heart failure, it can rise above 18 mm Hg. Symptoms of left-sided heart failure include dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, crackles in the lungs, and pink frothy sputum.

c. Decreased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). This statement is incorrect because it describes a finding of normal or reduced cardiac function, not heart failure. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a hormone secreted by the cardiac cells in response to increased stretch and pressure in the ventricles. It acts as a diuretic and a vasodilator, lowering blood volume and blood pressure. BNP is used as a biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring heart failure, as it reﬂects the degree of ventricular dysfunction. A normal BNP level is less than 100 pg/mL, but in heart failure, it can rise above 400 pg/mL.

d. Decreased specific gravity. This statement is incorrect because it describes a finding of dilute urine, not concentrated urine. Specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in urine, reﬂecting the ability of the kidneys to regulate ﬂuid balance. A normal specific gravity is 1.005 to 1.030, but it can vary depending on ﬂuid intake and output, hydration status, and renal function. In right-sided heart failure, ﬂuid retention and reduced renal perfusion can cause oliguria and increased specific gravity of urine.

A. Peripheral edema B. Chest pain C. Heart murmur D. Crackles in lungs

Correct Answer is A

No explanation

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A nurse is preparing to administer valproic acid 400 mg PO bid for migraine headaches. Available is valproic acid 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in a cardiac care unit is caring for a client with acute right-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has right-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

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A nurse is preparing to administer valproic acid 400 mg PO bid for migraine headaches. Available is valproic acid 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?

(Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)