A nurse is preparing to administer midazolam 0.07 mg/kg IM to a patient who weighs 50 kg. If the available midazolam is 5 mg/mL, how many mL should the nurse administer?

Choice A rationale

A vegetarian diet with cheese 2 to 3 times a day does not significantly increase the risk of kidney stones. While dairy products do contain calcium, which can contribute to stone formation, they also contain other compounds that help prevent stones. Furthermore, a vegetarian diet is typically high in fiber, which can also help prevent stone formation.

Choice B rationale

Jogging more frequently than usual daily routine does not increase the risk of kidney stones. In fact, regular exercise can help prevent kidney stones by keeping the urinary tract healthy and promoting regular urination.

Choice C rationale

Drinking several bottles of carbonated water daily can increase the risk of kidney stones. Carbonated water contains phosphoric acid, which can increase the acidity of the urine. This can promote the formation of kidney stones, especially in individuals who are already at risk.

Choice D rationale

Experiencing additional stress since adopting a child does not directly increase the risk of kidney stones. While stress can have many negative effects on health, there is no direct link between stress and kidney stone formation.

Step 1: Convert the client’s weight from pounds to kilograms. 1 kg = 2.2 lb, so 44 lb ÷ 2.2 = 20 kg.

Step 2: Calculate the total daily dose of phenobarbital. The doctor ordered 6 mg/kg/day, so 6 mg/kg/day × 20 kg = 120 mg/day.

Step 3: Divide the total daily dose into two equal doses, as it is to be given every 12 hours. So, 120 mg/day ÷ 2 = 60 mg/dose.

Step 4: Calculate the volume of phenobarbital elixir to administer per dose. The available phenobarbital elixir is 20 mg/5 mL, so (60 mg ÷ 20 mg) × 5 mL = 15 mL. The nurse should administer 15 mL of phenobarbital elixir per dose.