A nurse is examining a male client within normal weight range who is questioning about the cause of his enlarged breasts. Which course of action best describes how the nurse should address the client's bilateral gynecomastia?

Inform the client that his breast enlargement is benign, and normal for an adult male

Recommend that he alter his diet to include fewer fats and more lean proteins

Explain that this condition may be the result of hormonal changes, and recommend that he see his physician

Explain that gynecomastia in men usually associated with prostate enlargement and recommend that he be screened

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Inform the client that his breast enlargement is benign, and normal for an adult male:
Although gynecomastia is common and often benign, it is not always normal for adult males to experience breast enlargement. The condition can be related to various factors such as hormonal imbalances, medications, or underlying health issues. It is important not to reassure the client without further assessment, as gynecomastia may need to be evaluated by a healthcare provider to rule out any medical conditions.

B) Recommend that he alter his diet to include fewer fats and more lean proteins:
While diet can have an impact on overall health, the enlargement of the breasts in males (gynecomastia) is typically not related to fat intake. This recommendation is not appropriate for addressing the root cause of gynecomastia, which often involves hormonal changes rather than diet alone. A dietary change may not resolve the underlying condition, and medical evaluation is warranted.

C) Explain that this condition may be the result of hormonal changes, and recommend that he see his physician:
This is the most appropriate response. Gynecomastia is often caused by hormonal imbalances, particularly an imbalance between estrogen and testosterone. It can occur during puberty, in older age, or as a result of certain medications or medical conditions. The nurse should advise the client to consult a physician for further evaluation and diagnosis, as appropriate treatment depends on the underlying cause.

D) Explain that gynecomastia in men is usually associated with prostate enlargement and recommend that he be screened:
This is not accurate. While prostate issues can affect male hormones, gynecomastia is typically not directly associated with prostate enlargement. The condition is more often linked to hormonal changes involving estrogen or testosterone, not necessarily prostate problems. Recommending prostate screening would not address the underlying cause of gynecomastia and is not the most relevant next step in care.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Frontal sinusitis:
This is incorrect. Frontal sinusitis typically causes pain and tenderness in the forehead area, above the eyes, and along the brow ridge. While frontal sinusitis can lead to headaches and facial pain, it generally does not cause pain in the teeth, cheeks, or nasal discharge as specifically as maxillary sinusitis. Pain in the cheeks and upper teeth, along with purulent nasal discharge, is more characteristic of maxillary sinus involvement.

B) Maxillary sinusitis:
This is the correct answer. Maxillary sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of the maxillary sinuses, which are located behind the cheeks. Common symptoms include throbbing pain in the cheeks, teeth, and upper jaw, swollen turbinates (the structures inside the nose that help with airflow and filtering), and purulent nasal discharge. These symptoms match the description provided, making maxillary sinusitis the most likely diagnosis.

C) Nasal fracture:
This is incorrect. A nasal fracture typically presents with pain, swelling, bruising, and sometimes deformity of the nose, often accompanied by epistaxis (nosebleeds). While a nasal fracture can cause pain, it would not typically cause the throbbing pain in the face, teeth, and cheeks, nor would it be associated with swollen turbinates and purulent nasal discharge as seen in sinusitis.

D) Nasal polyps:
This is incorrect. Nasal polyps are non-cancerous growths that form in the nasal passages or sinuses due to chronic inflammation. They often cause nasal obstruction, reduced sense of smell, or frequent sinus infections. However, they do not typically cause the throbbing facial pain, particularly in the teeth and cheeks, that is characteristic of maxillary sinusitis. They also do not cause the purulent discharge seen in sinus infections.

A. Dysphagia B. Rhinitis C. Xerostomia D. Epistaxis

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Dysphagia:
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common issue in clients who have had a stroke, particularly when there is facial drooping or weakness on one side of the face, which can affect the muscles involved in swallowing. A stroke can cause motor impairment, affecting the coordination and strength required for effective swallowing. This condition increases the risk of aspiration (food or liquid entering the airway), which can lead to respiratory complications such as pneumonia. It is crucial to assess for dysphagia in stroke patients and provide appropriate interventions, such as speech therapy and modified diets, to ensure safe swallowing.

B. Rhinitis:
Rhinitis, which refers to inflammation of the nasal passages causing symptoms like congestion, sneezing, and runny nose, is not directly related to stroke. Although rhinitis can be caused by allergies, infections, or environmental irritants, it is not a typical finding following a stroke. The presence of facial drooping on one side is more suggestive of a neurological issue affecting motor control, rather than an issue with the nasal passages or upper respiratory system.

C. Xerostomia:
Xerostomia, or dry mouth, can occur for various reasons, such as medication side effects or dehydration, but it is not a primary concern directly associated with stroke-induced facial drooping. While facial nerve dysfunction can affect salivation (since the facial nerve helps control the salivary glands), dysphagia and facial drooping are more immediate concerns for stroke patients. Xerostomia may occur in some cases, but it is not as directly linked to stroke as dysphagia is.

D. Epistaxis:
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, is not a typical complication of stroke and is not associated with facial drooping. While certain factors like dry air, medications (e.g., anticoagulants), or trauma could cause nosebleeds, they are not common findings directly related to a stroke. The focus should be on potential neurological deficits, such as difficulty swallowing, impaired speech, or weakness, rather than epistaxis.

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A nurse is examining a male client within normal weight range who is questioning about the cause of his enlarged breasts. Which course of action best describes how the nurse should address the client's bilateral gynecomastia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client complaining of throbbing pain in the face, teeth, and cheeks. Upon palpation, the nurse notes swollen turbinates and a purulent discharge the nose. The nurse should recognize that the client's symptoms best correlate with which problem?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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