A nurse is examining a client with diastolic dysfunction. Upon auscultation using the bell of the stethoscope the nurse hears a late diastolic heart sound at the 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line. Based on these findings and the clients history, the nurse would recognize this extra heart sound is most likely what?

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. S1: S1 is the first heart sound, heard at the beginning of systole, and is not related to diastolic dysfunction.

B. S4: This is the correct answer. An S4 sound is heard late in diastole, often due to increased resistance to filling during diastole, which is typical in diastolic dysfunction.

C. S3: An S3 is a low-pitched sound heard early in diastole, typically associated with systolic dysfunction or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

D. S2: S2 is the second heart sound, heard during the end of systole and is not associated with diastolic dysfunction.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A. Early menarche increases lifetime exposure to estrogen, raising breast cancer risk.

B. Age is a significant risk factor for breast cancer.

C. Genetic factors, like BRCA mutations, increase the risk.

D. History of multiple births is generally protective against breast cancer.

A. Orthopnea B. paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea C. pulsus alternans D. acute bilateral pleural effusion

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Orthopnea: Orthopnea is difficulty breathing when lying flat, but the client's description of waking up suddenly points to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

B. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea: This is the correct answer. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea occurs when a client with heart failure wakes up at night feeling suffocated due to fluid redistribution and pulmonary congestion.

C. Pulsus alternans: Pulsus alternans refers to alternating strong and weak heartbeats and is not related to the client's description of nocturnal dyspnea.

D. Acute bilateral pleural effusion: While pleural effusion can cause respiratory symptoms, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is more specific to heart failure.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is taking a history of a 68-year-old woman. What assessment findings would indicate a high risk for the development of breast cancer? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A client who has chronic heart failure tells the nurse, "I was fine when I went to bed, but I woke up in the middle of the night feeling like I was suffocating!" The nurse will document this assessment finding as

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the chart of a new client in the family medicine clinic and notes that the client is identified as "George Smith." The nurse enters the room and finds a woman in a skirt. What action by the nurse is best?

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has poor gas exchange. Which action by the nurse would support the client's ventilation?

The nurse is preparing to administer adenosine (Adenocard) to a client experiencing supraventricular tachycardia. When giving this medication, what is important to remember?

The nurse is caring for a client who has frequent gastric pain and dyspepsia. Which procedure would the nurse expect the health care provider to order to make an accurate diagnosis?

The healthcare provider orders dobutamine at 12 mcg/kg/min. The client weighs 75 kg. The pharmacy provides 250 mL of D5W with 1 g of dobutamine. How many mL/hr should the IV pump be programmed for? (Round to a whole number.)

The nurse is educating a client on the prevention of toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Which statement by the client indicates a lack of understanding?

A nurse assesses a client in an outpatient clinic. Which statement alerts the nurse to the possibility of left-sided heart failure?

A client who has been receiving diuretic therapy is admitted to the emergency department with a serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L. The nurse should alert the health care provider immediately that the client is on which medication?