A nurse is educating a patient with multiple sclerosis who has been prescribed baclofen. What guidance should the nurse include in the education?

Choice A rationale

Metoclopramide is a medication used for stomach and esophageal problems. It is commonly used to treat and prevent nausea and vomiting, to help with emptying of the stomach in people

with delayed stomach emptying, and to help with gastroesophageal reflux disease. The antiemetic action of metoclopramide is due to its antagonist activity at D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the central nervous system — this action prevents nausea and vomiting triggered by most stimuli.

Choice B rationale

While metoclopramide does have an effect on the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, it does not work by relaxing them. Instead, it works by blocking dopamine receptors, which in turn stimulates motility in the upper gastrointestinal tract without stimulating gastric, biliary, or pancreatic secretions. This increased motility helps to speed up the rate at which the stomach empties into the intestines.

Choice C rationale

Metoclopramide does not work by decreasing gastric acid secretions. In fact, one unique property of this drug is that it does not increase gastric acid secretion. Its primary mechanism of action is to block dopamine receptors, thereby increasing muscle contractions in the upper digestive tract.

Choice D rationale

This is correct. Metoclopramide enhances gastric emptying. It is used to treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease and diabetic gastroparesis, where delayed gastric emptying is a problem. By blocking dopamine receptors, metoclopramide increases muscle contractions in the upper digestive tract, speeding up the rate at which the stomach empties into the intestines.

Choice A rationale

Drinking a full glass of water after taking the medication is a good practice when taking calcium carbonate antacids. This helps to ensure that the medication is fully swallowed and reaches the stomach, where it can neutralize stomach acid.

Choice B rationale

Limiting sodium intake is not directly related to the use of calcium carbonate antacids. While a low-sodium diet may be recommended for other health reasons, it is not a specific recommendation for patients taking this medication.

Choice C rationale

Consuming the medication alongside dairy products to enhance absorption is not recommended. Calcium carbonate antacids can interact with dairy products, potentially leading to an excessive intake of calcium.

Choice D rationale

Reducing dietary fiber to counteract the potential side effect of diarrhea is not a typical recommendation for patients taking calcium carbonate antacids. While calcium carbonate can cause constipation in some people, it does not typically cause diarrhea.