A nurse is educating a patient with diabetes mellitus about the chronic complications associated with the disease. What information should be included in the teaching?
Schedule and keep appointments for annual eye exams.
Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent kidney damage.
Cardiac enzymes will be checked every 6 months.
Podiatry exams are necessary every 3 months.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Diabetes mellitus can lead to several chronic complications, including retinopathy, which can cause blindness. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, scheduling and keeping appointments for annual eye exams is an important part of managing diabetes.
Choice B rationale
While adequate fluid intake is generally important for overall health, it is not specifically effective in preventing kidney damage in patients with diabetes mellitus. Kidney damage in diabetes, also known as diabetic nephropathy, is caused by high blood sugar levels over time, not by dehydration.
Choice C rationale
Regular checks of cardiac enzymes are not a standard part of diabetes management. Cardiac enzymes are typically checked in the context of suspected heart disease or a heart attack, not as a routine measure in diabetes care.
Choice D rationale
While regular foot care is important in diabetes to prevent complications such as foot ulcers and infections, podiatry exams every 3 months are not typically necessary unless the patient has a history of foot problems or a high risk of foot complications.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A serum fasting glucose of 101 mg/dL is slightly above the normal range (70-100 mg/dL), indicating a possible prediabetes condition. However, it is not a contraindication for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Choice B rationale
A platelet count of 160,000 uL is within the normal range (150,000-450,000 uL). Therefore, it is not a contraindication for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Choice C rationale
A hemoglobin level of 13.6 g/dL is within the normal range for both men (13.5-17.5 g/dL) and women (12.0-15.5 g/dL). Thus, it is not a contraindication for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Choice D rationale
A serum creatinine level of 2.5 mg/dL is above the normal range (0.6-1.2 mg/dL for men, 0.5- 1.1 mg/dL for women), indicating impaired kidney function. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is contraindicated in patients with severe renal insufficiency.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Pseudomembranous colitis and crystalluria are not typically associated with gentamicin use.
Choice B rationale
Gentamicin can cause ototoxicity, which can manifest as tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo (a sensation of spinning), and hearing loss. Headaches can also occur as a side effect of gentamicin.
Choice C rationale
While gentamicin can cause nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), which could potentially affect electrolyte levels, a potassium level of 3.5 mg/dL is within the normal range. Therefore, this would not typically be assessed as a toxic effect of gentamicin.
Choice D rationale
Hypoglycemia and cardiac dysrhythmias are not typically associated with gentamicin use.
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