A nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about the side effects of medications.
Which medication can lead to constipation?

Choice A rationale:

Donning sterile gloves before inserting the indwelling urinary catheter is a standard practice in healthcare to prevent infection. The urinary tract is normally sterile, and the use of sterile gloves helps maintain this sterility during the catheter insertion process. Choice B rationale:

Oil-based lubricants should not be used with indwelling urinary catheters. These lubricants can damage the catheter material and increase the risk of infection. Instead, water-soluble lubricants are recommended as they do not damage the catheter and can reduce patient discomfort during the insertion process.

Choice C rationale:

Testing the balloon on the indwelling urinary catheter before insertion is a critical step. This is done to ensure that the balloon inflates and deflates properly. If the balloon does not function correctly, it could cause discomfort or injury to the patient during insertion and could fail to keep the catheter in place once inserted.

Choice D rationale:

Cleaning the patient’s urinary meatus with one cotton swab is a part of the standard procedure before inserting an indwelling urinary catheter. This step is taken to remove any bacteria present at the site of insertion, thereby reducing the risk of introducing bacteria into the bladder during the catheter insertion.

Choice A rationale:

Metabolic alkalosis can occur in clients who have excessive vomiting because of the loss of hydrochloric acid. When a person vomits, they lose hydrochloric acid, and the loss of this acid can cause the blood to become more basic. This shift in pH can lead to metabolic alkalosis, a condition characterized by high levels of bicarbonate in the blood, which makes it more alkaline (or less acidic). Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis can include muscle twitching, hand tremor, nausea or vomiting, and tingling in the face, hands or feet. In severe cases, it can cause prolonged muscle contractions or seizures.

Choice B rationale:

Respiratory acidosis is a condition that occurs when the lungs can’t remove enough carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body, which causes the body’s fluids, especially the blood, to become too acidic. This can occur due to conditions that affect the lungs such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or sleep apnea. However, in the case of a patient experiencing nausea and vomiting, respiratory acidosis is less likely to be the primary concern.

Choice C rationale:

Metabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid, or when the kidneys aren’t removing enough acid from the body. This can be caused by conditions such as kidney disease, lactic acidosis, or ketoacidosis. In the case of a patient experiencing nausea and vomiting, the primary concern would not typically be metabolic acidosis, as vomiting leads to a loss of stomach acid, which would more likely result in a state of alkalosis, not acidosis.

Choice D rationale:

Respiratory alkalosis is a condition that occurs when you breathe too fast or too deep and carbon dioxide levels drop too low. This causes the pH of the blood to rise and become too alkaline. When the blood is too alkaline, it means that it is not carrying enough carbon dioxide. This condition can be caused by fever, hyperventilation, or lack of oxygen. In the case of a patient experiencing nausea and vomiting, respiratory alkalosis is not typically the primary concern.