A nurse is educating a group of parents about the functions of the fontanelles.
Which of the following statements by the nurse are correct? (Select all that apply.
“The fontanelles allow for passage of blood from the scalp to the brain.”
“The fontanelles allow for rapid growth of the brain during infancy.”
“The fontanelles allow for passage of the head through the birth canal.”
“The fontanelles allow for assessment of hydration status in infants.”
“The fontanelles allow for assessment of intracranial pressure in infants.”.
Correct Answer : B,C,D,E
The fontanelles are soft spots on a baby’s head that have two main functions:
• They allow for rapid growth of the brain during infancy
• They allow for passage of the head through the birth canal by enabling the bony plates of the skull to flex
Choice A is wrong because the fontanelles do not allow for passage of blood from the scalp to the brain. The blood supply to the brain is provided by the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, which enter the skull through different openings
The fontanelles also allow for assessment of hydration status and intracranial pressure in infants by palpating their size and shape. A sunken fontanelle may indicate dehydration, while a bulging fontanelle may indicate increased pressure within the skull
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The anterior fontanel is normal and the posterior fontanel is normal.
According to, the average size of the anterior fontanel is2.1 cm, and the median time of closure is13.8 months.The posterior fontanel generally closes2 to 3 monthsafter birth.
Therefore, a 6-month-old infant with an anterior fontanel of 4 cm and a closed posterior fontanel is within the normal range.
Choice A is wrong because the posterior fontanel is not delayed in closing.It usually closes by 3 months of age.
Choice C is wrong because the anterior fontanel is not enlarged.It can range from 0.6 cm to 3.6 cm with a mean of 2.1 cm.
Choice D is wrong because both the anterior and posterior fontanels are normal, not enlarged or delayed in closing.
Normal ranges for head circumference of a 6-month-old infant are39.59 to 44.34 cmfor girlsand40.89 to 45.34 cmfor boys, according to the CDC.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Birth trauma.A cephalohematoma is a collection of blood under the scalp of a newborn that forms a bulge.It is caused by rupture of blood vessels crossing the periosteum due to pressure or trauma on the fetal head during birth.This pressure or trauma may result from a prolonged second stage of labor, instrumental delivery, particularly forceps delivery, ventouse application, or the baby’s head squeezing through the birth canal.
Choice B is wrong because infection is not a cause of cephalohematoma, but a potential complication that may occur in some cases.
Choice C is wrong because dehydration is not a cause of cephalohematoma, but a possible consequence of anemia, which may result from blood loss.
Choice D is wrong because hemorrhage is not a cause of cephalohematoma, but a synonym for bleeding, which is what happens when the blood vessels rupture.
Normal ranges for newborn cephalohematoma are not applicable, as it is an abnormal condition that varies in size and severity.However, most cephalohematomas resolve on their own without intervention within weeks or months.
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