A nurse is collecting data from a client who has had paraplegia for several years. Which of the following physiologic changes due to immobility should the nurse consider when evaluating this client's overall status? (Select all that apply.)
Muscle atrophy
Venous pooling
Urinary stasis
Increased depth of respirations
Increased metabolic rate
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. Muscle atrophy
Lack of movement leads to wasting of muscle tissue over time, a common consequence of immobility.
B. Venous pooling
Immobility causes reduced venous return, leading to venous stasis or pooling, increasing the risk of DVT.
C. Urinary stasis
Lying flat for extended periods contributes to bladder emptying issues, increasing risk for UTIs and renal calculi.
D. Increased depth of respirations
Immobility leads to shallow breathing and reduced lung expansion, not deeper respirations.
E. Increased metabolic rate
Immobility generally results in a decreased metabolic rate due to lower energy needs.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. maintaining strength in muscles.
This is a benefit of ROM exercises, but it does not directly explain how venous return improves.
B. compression of muscles on venous walls.
Muscle contraction compresses veins, helping to push blood back toward the heart, improving venous return.
C. vasodilation.
Vasodilation increases blood flow, but doesn’t directly enhance venous return in the context of ROM.
D. increased metabolism.
Increased metabolism is a systemic benefit of exercise but is not the primary mechanism of improved venous circulation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. False
The statement is false because all listed effects are known complications of prolonged immobilization.
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