A nurse is caring for an infant who has a high Bilirubin level and is receiving phototherapy.
Which of the following is the priority finding in the newborn?
Conjunctivitis
Bronze discoloration of the skin
Sunken fontanelles
Maculopapular skin rash.
The Correct Answer is C
This is a sign of dehydration, which can be caused by phototherapy. Phototherapy increases insensible water loss through the skin and can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalance in the newborn. The nurse should monitor the newborn’s hydration status, weight, urine output, and serum electrolytes and provide adequate fluid intake.
Choice A is wrong because conjunctivitis is not a common complication of phototherapy. It can be prevented by using eye shields or patches to protect the newborn’s eyes from the light source.
Choice B is wrong because bronze skin discoloration is a rare complication of phototherapy that occurs when the bilirubin level is very high and the skin pigment changes. It is not a priority finding and usually resolves after phototherapy is discontinued.
Choice D is wrong because maculopapular skin rash is a benign side effect of phototherapy that does not require intervention. It usually disappears within a few days after phototherapy is stopped.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The baby is at risk for hemolytic jaundice if the mother has a different blood type that is incompatible with the baby’s blood type.This can cause the mother’s immune system to produce antibodies that attack the baby’s red blood cells, leading to hemolysis or excessive destruction of red blood cells.Hemolysis can cause bilirubin, a yellowish pigment, to accumulate in the baby’s blood, tissues, and fluids, causing jaundice.It can also cause anemia, a condition where the blood does not have enough healthy red blood cells.
Choice A is wrong because O positive is compatible with B negative.
O positive is the universal donor, meaning it can donate blood to any other blood type without causing a reaction.
Choice B is wrong because AB negative is compatible with B negative.
AB negative is the universal recipient, meaning it can receive blood from any other blood type without causing a reaction.
Choice D is wrong because A negative is incompatible with B negative.
A negative and B negative are different blood types that can cause a reaction if mixed together.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The newborn’s skin color is pink.This indicates that the phototherapy is effective in lowering the serum bilirubin level by transforming it into water-soluble isomers that can be eliminated without liver conjugation.
A pink skin color also means that the newborn is not jaundiced, which is a sign of high bilirubin levels.
Choice B is wrong because clay-colored stools indicate a problem with the liver or bile ducts.Bile is needed to give stools their normal brown color, and if bile is absent or blocked, the stools may become pale or clay-colored.This could be a sign of a serious condition such as biliary atresia, which is a congenital defect that causes bile ducts to be absent or malformed.
Choice C is wrong because a bilirubin level of 12 mg/dL is still high for a newborn and may require further treatment.The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends phototherapy for newborns with bilirubin levels above 15 mg/dL at 25 to 48 hours of age, 18 mg/dL at 49 to 72 hours of age, and 20 mg/dL at more than 72 hours of age.However, these thresholds may vary depending on the gestational age, risk factors, and clinical condition of the newborn.
Choice D is wrong because dark yellow urine may indicate dehydration or concentrated urine, which can increase the risk of bilirubin toxicity.Newborns receiving phototherapy should be well hydrated and have frequent wet diapers to help eliminate bilirubin from the body.Normal urine color for a newborn is pale yellow or clear.
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