A nurse is caring for a newborn who was born at 37 weeks of gestation and is 12 hours old.

Exhibits

Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below to specify what condition the newborn is most likely experiencing, two actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and two parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the newborn's progress.

Choice A reason:

Lochial color changes from rubra to alba in the early postpartum period is a normal event. Lochia is the vaginal discharge that occurs after childbirth, and it progresses from bright red (rubra) to pink or brownish (serosa) to whitish-yellow (alba) as the days pass.

Choice B reason:

Extreme hunger and thirst in the early postpartum period may indicate abnormal blood sugar levels and can be a sign of gestational diabetes or other metabolic disorders. It requires further evaluation and monitoring by healthcare providers.

Choice C reason:

Diuresis (increased urination) and diaphoresis (increased sweating) are normal events in the early postpartum period. After childbirth, the body eliminates excess fluid that was retained during pregnancy, leading to increased urination and sweating.

Choice D reason:

Flatulence (passing gas) and constipation can be normal events in the early postpartum period due to the body recovering from the effects of labor, changes in diet, and the use of pain medications during childbirth.

Choice A reason:

Acrocyanosis (choice A) is a common and relatively normal finding in newborns, especially in the first few days of life. It refers to the bluish discoloration of the hands and feet due to peripheral vasoconstriction. Acrocyanosis alone does not necessarily indicate significant difficulty with oxygenation and is usually a transient and benign condition.

Choice B reason:

A respiratory rate of 54 breaths/minute (choice B) is within the normal range for a newborn. The normal respiratory rate for a newborn can range from 30 to 60 breaths per minute. While an abnormal respiratory rate outside this range may be a concern, a rate of 54 breaths/minute is not indicative of significant oxygenation difficulty by itself.

Choice C reason:

Nasal flaring in a newborn is a concerning sign that suggests the baby is experiencing difficulty with oxygenation. When a newborn is having trouble getting enough oxygen, they may instinctively open their nostrils wider (nasal flaring) to increase the airflow into the nose and improve oxygen intake. This is a compensatory mechanism to overcome respiratory distress and is often seen in newborns with respiratory problems. Nasal flaring is an important clinical sign that indicates the baby may be struggling to breathe adequately and requires further evaluation and intervention by the healthcare team.

Choice D reason:

Abdominal breathing (choice D) is a normal breathing pattern in newborns. Newborns predominantly use their diaphragm to breathe, which results in abdominal movements during respiration. This is a normal and expected finding in healthy newborns and does not necessarily suggest oxygenation problems.