A nurse is caring for a group of clients in a pediatric clinic. Which of the following clients is at highest risk for physical abuse?

An adolescent who is preparing to leave home for college

A school-age child who wants to go away to summer camp

A preschooler who is reluctant to share

A toddler who has cystic fibrosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Adolescents who are preparing to leave home for college are generally more independent and have a higher level of verbal communication compared to younger children. They are less likely to be at high risk for physical abuse because they can potentially seek help or report abuse more readily.

B.   School-age children typically have better verbal communication skills and may express their desires and feelings more clearly compared to younger children. They are generally less vulnerable to physical abuse compared to younger children who may not be able to communicate their experiences as effectively.
C.   Preschoolers are at a higher risk for physical abuse compared to older children and adolescents. They are still developing verbal communication skills and may not be able to express their feelings or report abuse clearly. Their dependence on caregivers for basic needs and care also increases their vulnerability.
D.   Toddlers, especially those with chronic health conditions like cystic fibrosis, are particularly vulnerable to physical abuse. Their young age, dependency on caregivers for basic needs, limited verbal communication skills, and potential health challenges increase their risk. Caregivers may feel overwhelmed or stressed by the child's condition, which could potentially contribute to abusive behaviors.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a commonly used psychotherapy approach for bipolar disorder. Attending a CBT class typically does not require specific informed consent beyond the general consent for treatment, as it involves non-invasive, non-experimental therapeutic techniques aimed at improving coping skills and managing symptoms. In most cases, attending therapy sessions like CBT is considered part of routine care for mental health conditions.
B. Experimental medications involve drugs or treatments that are not yet approved by regulatory agencies (such as the FDA in the United States) for general use. For a client to participate in a clinical trial or receive an experimental medication, they must provide explicit informed consent after being informed about the potential risks, benefits, and uncertainties associated with the treatment. This process ensures that the client understands they are participating in research and not receiving standard care.
C. Participating in a group exercise program is generally considered a routine therapeutic intervention aimed at promoting physical health and well-being. While informed consent is important for all interventions, including exercise programs, it typically involves providing general information about the program's goals, activities, and any potential risks. Clients are not consenting to experimental treatments or procedures that go beyond standard exercise protocols.

D. Light therapy, also known as phototherapy, is a treatment often used for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and other mood disorders. It involves exposure to specific wavelengths of light to regulate circadian rhythms and improve mood. While light therapy is a specialized treatment, it is a standard intervention for mood disorders and does not typically require separate informed consent beyond what is provided for standard medical treatments.

A. "You should drink a glass of wine 1 hour before you go to bed." B. "You should take a nap after lunch." C. "You should eat a meal just prior to bedtime." D. "You should limit yourself to two caffeinated beverages per day." E. Correct choice is D

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Consuming alcohol close to bedtime can disrupt sleep patterns. While alcohol may initially induce drowsiness, it often leads to fragmented and poor-quality sleep later in the night. Therefore, advising the client to drink alcohol before bedtime is not recommended.
B. Taking long or late-afternoon naps can interfere with nighttime sleep patterns, especially for individuals experiencing insomnia or sleep disturbances related to depression. Napping can make it harder to fall asleep or stay asleep at night, thereby exacerbating sleep problems rather than improving them.
C. Eating a large or heavy meal just before bedtime can lead to discomfort, indigestion, and even heartburn, which can interfere with falling asleep and staying asleep. It's generally advisable to avoid heavy meals close to bedtime to promote better sleep quality.
D. Caffeine is a stimulant that can interfere with sleep. Consuming caffeinated beverages, especially in the afternoon or evening, can make it difficult for individuals with depression to fall asleep and can contribute to fragmented sleep. Limiting caffeine intake earlier in the day can help promote better sleep hygiene.

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A nurse is caring for a group of clients in a pediatric clinic. Which of the following clients is at highest risk for physical abuse?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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