A nurse is caring for a client with a urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli. The client is prescribed ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
The nurse understands that this antibiotic works by which mechanism?
Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Inhibiting protein synthesis
Inhibiting DNA gyrase
Inhibiting folic acid synthesis.
The Correct Answer is C
Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division.
Choice A is wrong because ciprofloxacin does not inhibit cell wall synthesis.
That is the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins.
Choice B is wrong because ciprofloxacin does not inhibit protein synthesis.
That is the mechanism of action of macrolides, such as erythromycin and azithromycin.
Choice D is wrong because ciprofloxacin does not inhibit folic acid synthesis.
That is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides, such as sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The bacteria have an altered target site that methicillin cannot bind to.This means that the bacteria have changed their structure so that the antibiotic cannot attach to them and kill them.
Choice A is wrong because methicillin does not work by being broken down by an enzyme.Some other antibiotics, such as penicillin, can be inactivated by bacterial enzymes, but not methicillin.
Choice C is wrong because methicillin does not work by entering the bacterial cell.Some other antibiotics, such as tetracycline, can be expelled by bacterial membrane pumps, but not methicillin.
Choice D is wrong because methicillin does not work by blocking an alternative pathway.Some other antibiotics, such as sulfonamides, can be bypassed by bacterial alternative pathways, but not methicillin.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division.
Choice A is wrong because ciprofloxacin does not inhibit cell wall synthesis.
That is the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins.
Choice B is wrong because ciprofloxacin does not inhibit protein synthesis.
That is the mechanism of action of macrolides, such as erythromycin and azithromycin.
Choice D is wrong because ciprofloxacin does not inhibit folic acid synthesis.
That is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides, such as sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim.
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