A nurse is caring for a client with a temperature of 37.5°C (99.5°F) and a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute. Which condition is the client most likely experiencing?

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Pulmonary edema.

Pneumonia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by severe hypoxemia and respiratory distress, often requiring mechanical ventilation. It is not typically associated with a mild fever and increased respiratory rate.
Choice B rationale
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic condition characterized by airflow limitation and respiratory symptoms, but not typically associated with a mild fever.
Choice C rationale
Pulmonary edema involves fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to respiratory distress and hypoxemia, but not typically associated with a mild fever.
Choice D rationale
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs causing fever (37.5°C), increased respiratory rate (28 breaths per minute), and other respiratory symptoms. It is the most likely condition given the symptoms.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Hypocortisolism, also known as Addison’s disease, is characterized by insufficient production of cortisol by the adrenal glands. It does not typically cause goiter, which is an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to various causes such as iodine deficiency, autoimmune diseases, or nodules.
Choice B rationale
Hyperinsulinemia refers to an excess level of insulin in the blood, often associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. It is not related to the development of goiter.
Choice C rationale
Iodide deficiency is a common cause of goiter. The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce thyroid hormones. When there is a deficiency, the gland enlarges in an attempt to capture more iodine from the bloodstream.
Choice D rationale
Azotemia is an elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels, typically due to kidney dysfunction. It is not associated with the development of goiter.

A. Decrease coronary artery constriction by giving aspirin. B. Increase afterload for the left ventricle in order to maximize cardiac output. C. Increase preload to reduce overall cardiac workload. D. Reduce arterial inflammation by administering statins.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Decreasing coronary artery constriction by giving aspirin is a primary objective in managing unstable angina. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of clot formation and improving blood flow in the coronary arteries. This helps to alleviate chest pain and prevent myocardial infarction.
Choice B rationale
Increasing afterload for the left ventricle to maximize cardiac output is not a desirable objective in managing unstable angina. Increasing afterload would increase the workload on the heart, which is counterproductive in patients with angina. The goal is to reduce the heart’s workload and improve blood flow.
Choice C rationale
Increasing preload to reduce overall cardiac workload is not a primary objective in managing unstable angina. Increasing preload would increase the volume of blood returning to the heart, potentially worsening symptoms. The focus is on reducing myocardial oxygen demand and improving coronary perfusion.
Choice D rationale
Reducing arterial inflammation by administering statins is a long-term strategy for managing cardiovascular disease, but it is not the immediate objective in managing unstable angina.
Statins help to lower cholesterol levels and reduce inflammation, but the immediate goal in unstable angina is to relieve chest pain and prevent myocardial infarction.

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A nurse is caring for a client with a temperature of 37.5°C (99.5°F) and a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute. Which condition is the client most likely experiencing?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A goiter is often associated with:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse caring for a patient with unstable angina will most likely need to give medications to accomplish which desirable objective?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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