A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving chemotherapy treatments. The client states, "I feel so nauseated after my treatments." Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide the client? (Select all that apply.)

Limit use of antiemetics until after first emesis.

Sit up for 1 hr after eating meals.

Eat foods low in carbohydrates.

Sip fluids shyly throughout the day.

Consume foods that are served cold.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

A. Limit use of antiemetics until after first emesis: Antiemetics are more effective when administered prophylactically before the onset of nausea. Waiting until after emesis can reduce their effectiveness and worsen the client's discomfort and nutritional status.
B. Sit up for 1 hr after eating meals: Sitting upright for at least an hour after meals helps prevent gastric reflux and reduces the likelihood of nausea and vomiting. It also promotes digestion by allowing gravity to aid in the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract, which can be especially beneficial for chemotherapy clients prone to delayed gastric emptying.
C. Eat foods low in carbohydrates: Carbohydrates, particularly simple ones like toast, rice, or crackers, are usually better tolerated during chemotherapy-induced nausea. Low-carbohydrate foods may be harder to digest and may not provide the quick energy or stomach-soothing effect that simple carbs do.
D. Sip fluids shyly throughout the day: Sipping fluids slowly throughout the day helps maintain hydration while avoiding the discomfort and nausea that can come from drinking large amounts at once. It also prevents dehydration, a common complication of chemotherapy. Gradual fluid intake is easier to tolerate and supports overall gastrointestinal comfort.
E. Consume foods that are served cold: Cold foods are generally better tolerated than hot or heavily seasoned ones during chemotherapy treatment. Hot foods can have strong odors that trigger nausea, while cold foods are often milder in smell and taste. Offering cold meals like yogurt, chilled fruits, or cold sandwiches can help reduce nausea severity.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "I use soup broth instead of butter to flavor food.": This reflects a positive dietary change aimed at reducing saturated fat and sodium intake, both important in managing hypertension. Using broth adds flavor without the added fat and calories of butter, supporting heart health.
B. "I have started cooking most of my meals.": While home-cooked meals can promote healthier eating, the nutritional value depends on the ingredients and methods used. This statement alone does not confirm whether low-sodium or low-fat cooking practices are being followed.
C. "I eat cheese cubes and crackers as snack.": Cheese and many crackers are high in sodium and saturated fats, which can worsen hypertension. This snack choice suggests the client has not yet adopted heart-healthy dietary practices recommended during counseling.
D. "I add canned vegetables to my homemade soup.": Canned vegetables often contain high amounts of sodium unless labeled low-sodium or rinsed before use. Including them without modifications could increase salt intake and negatively affect blood pressure management.

A. Platelets 130,000/mm3 (150,000 to 400,000/mm) B. Creatinine 1.3 mg/dL (0.5 to 1.1 mg/dl) C. Glucose 423 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL) D. HbA1c 9% (4% to 5.99%)

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Platelets 130,000/mm³ (150,000 to 400,000/mm³). This value is slightly below normal and indicates mild thrombocytopenia. While it should be monitored, it is not immediately life-threatening and does not typically require urgent intervention in the absence of active bleeding or symptoms.
B. Creatinine 1.3 mg/dL (0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL). This level is slightly elevated and may suggest early renal impairment, which is a concern in clients with diabetes. However, it does not require urgent reporting unless there are signs of acute kidney injury or rapid progression.
C. Glucose 423 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL). This critically high blood glucose level indicates severe hyperglycemia and places the client at immediate risk for complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This finding requires prompt reporting and intervention to prevent further deterioration.
D. HbA1c 9% (4% to 5.99%). This value reflects poor long-term glycemic control and increases the risk of chronic complications, but it does not indicate an acute emergency. It requires follow-up, not immediate action.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving chemotherapy treatments. The client states, "I feel so nauseated after my treatments." Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide the client? (Select all that apply.)

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