A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an exacerbation of heart failure.
Findings upon admission:
The nurse is assessing the client 24 hr later. How should the nurse interpret the findings related to the diagnosis of heart failure?
Shortness of breath with exertion
Lung sounds clear
WBC count 11,800/mm3
Temperature 38.5° C (101.3° F)
Weight 113 kg (249 lb)
Creatinine 1.8
The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"B"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"C"},"D":{"answers":"C"},"E":{"answers":"C"},"F":{"answers":"C"}}
Indication of potential improvement:
• Shortness of breath with exertion
• Lung sounds clear
Indication of potential worsening condition:
• WBC count 11,800/mm³
• Temperature 38.5°C (101.3°F)
• Weight 113 kg (249 lb)
• Creatinine 1.8 mg/dL
Rationale:
• Shortness of breath with exertion: Previously, the client had dyspnea at rest. Improvement to exertional dyspnea suggests better fluid balance and cardiac function.
• Lung sounds clear: The initial presence of crackles indicated pulmonary congestion. Clear lung sounds suggest reduced fluid overload, reflecting improved cardiac function.
• WBC count 11,800/mm³: An increasing WBC count suggests a possible infection, which can worsen heart failure by increasing metabolic demands and fluid retention.
• Temperature 38.5°C (101.3°F): Fever indicates a possible infection, such as a UTI, which the client has a history of. Infections can exacerbate heart failure by triggering systemic inflammation and fluid shifts.
• Weight 113 kg (249 lb): Weight gain in heart failure is often due to fluid retention, indicating worsening congestion.
• Creatinine 1.8 mg/dL: A rising creatinine level suggests worsening kidney function, which may result from reduced perfusion due to heart failure or excessive diuresis from furosemide.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A palpable thrill at the fistula site: A palpable thrill is a normal finding that indicates proper blood flow through the arteriovenous fistula. The absence of a thrill would be concerning, as it may suggest clotting or dysfunction of the vascular access.
B. Hyperglycemia: Hemodialysis does not typically cause hyperglycemia. Clients with diabetes may experience fluctuations in blood glucose levels, but dialysis itself is more commonly associated with hypoglycemia due to the removal of glucose from the bloodstream.
C. Altered mental status: Neurological changes such as confusion, restlessness, or decreased responsiveness may indicate dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS). This complication results from rapid fluid and solute shifts, leading to cerebral edema. It is a serious condition requiring immediate intervention.
D. Decrease in weight: A decrease in weight following hemodialysis is expected due to fluid removal. Clients are weighed before and after dialysis to monitor fluid balance, and weight loss after treatment indicates effective fluid removal rather than a complication.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Temperature of 38° C (100.4° F): An elevated temperature may indicate infection, which is a potential complication of TPN due to the risk of central line-associated bloodstream infections. However, fever is not a sign of fluid volume overload.
B. Urinary output of 20 mL in the past hour: Oliguria (low urine output) is more commonly associated with dehydration or renal impairment rather than fluid volume overload. In fluid overload, urine output may initially increase if kidney function is normal.
C. +1 pedal pulses: Weak pulses can indicate poor circulation, hypovolemia, or peripheral vascular disease. In fluid overload, bounding pulses rather than weak pulses are typically observed due to increased intravascular volume.
D. S3 heart sound: An S3 heart sound (ventricular gallop) occurs when excess fluid volume causes rapid ventricular filling, leading to abnormal heart sounds. This finding is a classic sign of fluid volume overload and can indicate heart failure or significant fluid retention.
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