A nurse is caring for a client who has urticaria following administration of an antibiotic. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?
Diphenhydramine
Hydralazine
Protamine
Naloxone
The Correct Answer is A
A. Diphenhydramine: Diphenhydramine is an H1 receptor antagonist that inhibits the binding of histamine to H1 receptors in the skin and vasculature. By blocking histamine-mediated vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and sensory nerve stimulation, it reduces the erythema, pruritus, and edema associated with urticaria.
B. Hydralazine: Hydralazine is a direct-acting arteriolar vasodilator used to reduce systemic vascular resistance in hypertensive crises or chronic hypertension. It has no effect on histamine pathways or IgE-mediated allergic responses and therefore does not alleviate urticaria or other manifestations of hypersensitivity reactions.
C. Protamine: Protamine sulfate is a cationic protein used to neutralize unfractionated heparin by forming a stable complex, thereby reversing anticoagulation. It does not interfere with histamine release, IgE receptor binding, or any pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying allergic reactions, making it irrelevant for urticaria management.
D. Naloxone: Naloxone is a competitive opioid receptor antagonist that reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression by displacing agonists at the mu-opioid receptor. It has no role in modulating histamine release or the immunologic processes that produce urticaria, and administration would not alleviate allergic symptoms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Wrap the newborn loosely in a blanket: Infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) benefit from being swaddled snugly, not loosely. Tight swaddling helps reduce hyperactivity, self-stimulating movements, and agitation associated with withdrawal.
B. Encourage frequent eye contact with the newborn during feedings: Excessive eye contact can overstimulate an infant with NAS, increasing irritability and stress. Minimizing visual stimulation during feedings helps promote calm and successful feeding.
C. Provide frequent stimulation for the newborn: Newborns with NAS are highly sensitive to environmental stimuli. Providing frequent stimulation can exacerbate symptoms such as tremors, irritability, and high-pitched crying.
D. Decrease the lighting levels in the nursery: Reducing environmental stimuli, including dimming lights and minimizing noise, helps calm infants experiencing NAS. A low-stimulation environment is a key nonpharmacologic intervention to reduce withdrawal symptoms and support neurodevelopment.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. First image: The individual is squatting with the knees bent, back straight, and using a wide base of support while keeping the box close to the body. This posture minimizes strain on the lower back and promotes safe lifting mechanics, which aligns with proper ergonomic principles.
B. Second image: The individual is standing upright while holding the boxes away from the body. This increases the lever arm and places excessive strain on the lumbar spine, increasing the risk of injury.
C. Third image: The individual is bending at the waist while lifting the boxes onto a surface. Bending at the waist with a rounded back significantly increases pressure on the lumbar vertebrae and is considered unsafe body mechanics.
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