A nurse is caring for a client who has schizophrenia and is taking risperidone (Risperdal). Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a potential adverse effect of this medication? (Select all that apply.)

Fever

Polyuria

Muscle rigidity

Diaphoresis

Tremors.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

These are all possible signs of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), a rare but serious adverse effect of risperidone and other antipsychotic medications.

NMS is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. It is characterized by fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, autonomic instability and elevated creatine kinase levels.

Choice B is wrong because polyuria is not a common side effect of risperidone. Polyuria can be caused by other conditions such as diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus or diuretic use.

Normal ranges for vital signs and laboratory values are as follows:

• Temperature: 36.5°C to 37.5°C (97.7°F to 99.5°F)

• Heart rate: 60 to 100 beats per minute

• Blood pressure: 120/80 mm Hg or lower

• Respiratory rate: 12 to 20 breaths per minute

• Oxygen saturation: 95% or higher

• Creatine kinase: 22 to 198 U/L for males and 10 to 171 U/L for females

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) is an antihistamine that can cause drowsiness and sedation as side effects.Therefore, the client should avoid activities that require alertness and coordination while taking this medication.

Choice B is wrong because hydroxyzine can be taken with or without food.Taking it on an empty stomach does not increase absorption.

Choice C is wrong because hydroxyzine can cause dry mouth as a side effect, but the client does not need to drink plenty of fluids or suck on hard candy to prevent it.These measures may help relieve the discomfort of dry mouth, but they are not necessary instructions for taking hydroxyzine.

Choice D is wrong because hydroxyzine does not cause urinary retention or difficulty urinating as side effects.These are signs of anticholinergic toxicity, which can occur with other medications such as tricyclic antidepressants or antipsychotics.

A. Take this medication on an empty stomach. B. Expect optimal therapeutic effects within 24 hr. C. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication. D. This medication has a high risk for dependence.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication.This is because grapefruit juice can increase the blood levels of buspirone and cause adverse effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, and nausea.

Choice A is wrong because taking this medication on an empty stomach can cause stomach upset and reduce its absorption.It is better to take buspirone with food or milk.

Choice B is wrong because optimal therapeutic effects of buspirone can take several weeks to develop.It is not a fast-acting medication like benzodiazepines.

Choice D is wrong because this medication has a low risk for dependence compared to other anti-anxiety drugs.Buspirone does not cause withdrawal symptoms or tolerance.

The normal dosage range for buspirone is 15 to 60 mg per day in divided doses.The normal blood level of buspirone is 1 to 6 ng/mL.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has schizophrenia and is taking risperidone (Risperdal). Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a potential adverse effect of this medication? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who has been prescribed hydroxyzine (Vistaril) for anxiety and pruritus due to an allergic reaction. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for buspirone to treat anxiety. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Select all that apply: A client has been prescribed an MAOI for depression and reports eating aged cheese and drinking red wine at dinner last night.

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