A nurse is caring for a client who has myasthenia gravis. The nurse should recognize that this disease is caused by which of the following types of hypersensitivities?
Delayed
Immediate
Immune complex-mediated
Cytotoxic
The Correct Answer is D
Cytotoxic hypersensitivity is a type of hypersensitivity that involves the production of IgG or IgM antibodies that bind to antigens on the surface of cells, leading to cell destruction by complement activation or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Myasthenia gravis is an example of a cytotoxic hypersensitivity, as it is caused by autoantibodies that target the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cells, impairing neuromuscular transmission and causing muscle weakness.
Delayed hypersensitivity is a type of hypersensitivity that involves the activation of T cells and macrophages, leading to inflammation and tissue damage after several hours or days of exposure to an antigen. Examples of delayed hypersensitivity include contact dermatitis, tuberculin skin test, and transplant rejection.
Immediate hypersensitivity is a type of hypersensitivity that involves the production of IgE antibodies that bind to mast cells or basophils, leading to degranulation and release of histamine and other mediators, causing anaphylaxis, urticaria, or allergic rhinitis within minutes of exposure to an antigen.
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity is a type of hypersensitivity that involves the formation of antigen- antibody complexes that deposit in tissues or blood vessels, leading to complement activation and inflammation, causing vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, or serum sickness within hours or days of exposure to an antigen.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["24"]
Explanation
To calculate the infusion rate, use the formula:
(rate in mL/hr) = (desired dose in units/hr) / (available dose in units/mL)
In this case, the desired dose is 1,200 units/hr and the available dose is 25,000 units / 500 mL = 50 units/mL. Therefore,
(rate in mL/hr) = (1,200 units/hr) / (50 units/mL) = 24 mL/hr
Round the answer to the nearest tenth/whole number and use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero because it could be misread as a decimal point. Therefore, the nurse should set the IV pump to deliver 24 mL/hr.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Edema is a common finding in clients who have chronic venous insufficiency, due to the impaired venous return and increased capillary pressure. The edema is usually worse at the end of the day and improves with elevation.
a. Thick, deformed toenails are more likely to be seen in clients who have fungal infections or peripheral arterial disease, not chronic venous insufficiency.
c. Dependent rubor is a sign of peripheral arterial disease, not chronic venous insufficiency. It is a reddish color of the lower extremities that occurs when they are lowered and disappears when they are elevated.
d. Hair loss is another sign of peripheral arterial disease, not chronic venous insufficiency. It is caused by the reduced blood supply to the hair follicles.
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