A nurse is caring for a client who has myasthenia gravis. The nurse should recognize that this disease is caused by which of the following types of hypersensitivities?
Delayed
Immediate
Immune complex-mediated
Cytotoxic
The Correct Answer is D
Cytotoxic hypersensitivity is a type of hypersensitivity that involves the production of IgG or IgM antibodies that bind to antigens on the surface of cells, leading to cell destruction by complement activation or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Myasthenia gravis is an example of a cytotoxic hypersensitivity, as it is caused by autoantibodies that target the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cells, impairing neuromuscular transmission and causing muscle weakness.
Delayed hypersensitivity is a type of hypersensitivity that involves the activation of T cells and macrophages, leading to inflammation and tissue damage after several hours or days of exposure to an antigen. Examples of delayed hypersensitivity include contact dermatitis, tuberculin skin test, and transplant rejection.
Immediate hypersensitivity is a type of hypersensitivity that involves the production of IgE antibodies that bind to mast cells or basophils, leading to degranulation and release of histamine and other mediators, causing anaphylaxis, urticaria, or allergic rhinitis within minutes of exposure to an antigen.
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity is a type of hypersensitivity that involves the formation of antigen- antibody complexes that deposit in tissues or blood vessels, leading to complement activation and inflammation, causing vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, or serum sickness within hours or days of exposure to an antigen.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Swallowing the capsules whole is the correct way to take nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules, as they are designed to release the medication slowly and steadily over time. The client should not crush, chew, or open the capsules, as this can alter the absorption and effectiveness of the medication.
Taking 1 capsule at the onset of anginal pain is not appropriate, as nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules are not meant for acute episodes of angina, but for long-term prevention and management. The client should use a fast-acting form of nitroglycerin, such as sublingual tablets or spray, to relieve anginal pain.
Taking the medication with meals is not necessary, as nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules can be taken with or without food. However, the client should take the medication at regular intervals and around the same time each day.
Stopping taking the medication if side effects are troublesome is not advisable, as nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules can cause withdrawal symptoms and rebound angina if discontinued abruptly. The client should consult with the provider before stopping or changing the dose of the medication. The client should also report any severe or persistent side effects, such as headache, dizziness, hypotension, or tachycardia.
Correct Answer is ["75"]
Explanation
To calculate the infusion rate, divide the volume of fluid by the time in hours. In this case, 1800 mL / 24 hr = 75 mL/hr.
Round the answer to the nearest whole number and use a leading zero if it applies.
Do not use a trailing zero because it could be misread as a decimal point. Therefore, the nurse should set the IV pump to deliver 75 mL/hr.
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